This study investigates the structure and availability of ventilation systems in domestic housing. A measurement programme of natural ventilation efficiency was carried out and evaluated. Mechanical ventilation systems were compared. Their suitability for efficient ventilation of various house types is discussed.
Investigations have been carried out over the last three years in industrial buildings having a variety of manufacturing processes. Data were collected on contaminant source and behaviour, exhaust ventilation, supply air, workroom pressure differentials, air currents in the workroom and discharges from exhaust ventilation systems. From these measurements a workroom air balance was drawn up and the re-entrainment of contamination from discharge into the breathing zone of people in the workroom was studied.
The text of a paper on ventilation equipment and systems for existing air-tight houses, presented at the Bouwcentrum/Vakinfo one-day conference, Rotterdam, November 1, 1984. Treats the application of 1. natural ventilation systems with vertical ducts and adjustable openings, 2. the same with mechanical exhaust via kitchen, bathroom, and toilet, 3. mechanical supply to all rooms and exhaust via kitchen, bathroom, and toilet, 4. balanced supply and exhaust. Treats the possibility of the private buyer or tenant estimating the quality of the house.
An indoor air quality investigation of a 60,000 m2 8 storey government office building was carried out as a part of an in-depth study of the Total Building Performance of the building. The transdisciplinary study included the following areas of building performance: lighting, acoustics, thermal comfort, ventilation, energy use, air circulation, air quality, occupant comfort, building envelope thermography, functional use and enclosure integrity. The air quality conclusions generic to large offices are presented.
Measurements in a test room of 28.4 m3 located at the top of a 3-storey building have been made to determine ventilation rates of different natural ventilation systems. The systems under consideration were windows which are typical for residential buildings in Germany and various adjustable natural ventilation systems for installation in walls or window frames. The measurements take into account parameters such as inside/outside temperature differences, wind velocity and direction, opening position and location of thedifferent systems.
Discusses the problems of designing ventilation for small houses. Small houses are considered to be far too elementary and there is no total view of the balance of energy and no regard for the interplay between different flows. Mechanical ventilation is often not controlled or inspected in small houses. Recommendations are: increased knowledge, differentiated requirements on ventilation, inspection of systems, definition of comfort criteria, changed conditions for heat recovery, and well-documented requirements for air tightness.
The total energy consumption for five detached houses with air change rates of around 3 per hour right after construction, was measured and compared with estimated values, over a three-year period. Air change in the bedrooms was also measured. It was found that the recommended value was only obtained in very tight houses. If two windows are open, the ventilation system is partly short-circuited. A modified exhaust air ventilation system was designed to provide a sufficient air change in the bedroom with a reduced total air changein the house as a whole.
This paper discusses the potential for achieving an "energy-efficient" ventilation system by improving design procedures for natural ventilation. It considers ventilation requirements and the meaning of the term energy-efficient ventilation. Both of these topics are of fundamental importance to any design procedure. Natural and mechanical ventilation systems are discussed. This is done because natural ventilation is often compared unfavourably with purpose-built mechanical systems. It is argued that such comparisons can be misleading, unless all aspects are considered.
Discusses how air flow in a building is affected by the position of the ventilation openings in the outside wall. Treats factors determining selection of controlled ventilation system and provides examples of systems available: small air vents, mechanical ventilation with acoustic and thermal insulation, ventilation with heat recovery, etc. Discusses an optimal solution with air quality control.
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