States that although the conditions for a comfortable climate are well known - especially temperature and air humidity - increased concern with energy conservation means it is important to discover what effect energy conserving measures have on the health,well-being and efficiency of people. Pressing questions are - how far can room temperature be lowered without affecting comfort and how is room air quality affected by a lower air change rate or a reduced fresh air supply. Summarises recommended room temperatures for various levels of activity.
Describes a simple device developed in the Institute for Applied Physics which is suitable for frrsh air control in air conditioned spaces. The protype instrument detects the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere on the basis of photoacoustics. Illustrates the device schematically and explains its operation.
States that comparison of different methods of calculating the volumes of outdoor air entering a building through the window shows that the chief deficiency of the standardised method of calculation is neglect of the importance of the relation between building dimensions, the wind profile andthe resulting pressure distribution at the building. Proposes an approximation method which significantly improves the accuracy of the calculation and also permits the calculation of flow through buildings for each possible combination of the factors determining the flow.
Stresses need to introduce sensible energy conservation measures into building and warns against superficially attractive solutions. Discusses reduction of ventilation heat loss by installation of mechanical ventilation incorporating heat recovery. Illustrates a mechanically ventilated dwelling with fresh air drawn into living areas and exhaust air leaving via the kitchen and WC. Treats further examples of mechanical ventilation which are adjusted according to necessary ventilation rates. Concludes by discussing trends in building construction concerned with conserving energy.
Treats the research programme initiated by the Ministry of Research and Technology with the aim of achieving a more rational use of energy in dwellings by air conditioning and ventilation measures. Points out that domestic heating is responsible for around 40% of energy consumption in West Germany, of which about one third is dissipated as ventilation heat loss.
Describes investigations into the air change rate in dwellings with very air-tight windows carried out by the West German Institute for Water Earth and Air Hygiene under a contract from the Federal Building Ministry. Treats the 80rooms investigated in 20 different buildings and in some office type rooms in Berlin. Notes the measurement method and the procedure of evaluating the results. Gives some results in graphs. Summarises the findings of the analysis of the results.
Lists in a table and discusses the chief sources of indoor air pollution. Distinguishes between short term and long term pollution. Provides advice for reducing pollution from various sources. Discusses the minimum permissible fresh air supply rates. Gives recommended humidity values and when, how often and for how long should ventilation be carried out. Recommends 12-15 m3 fresh air per person per hour, with double this rate for physical activity or smoking. States fresh air supply should be monitored to ensure the carbon-dioxide content does not exceed 0.15%.
Describes a mathematical model for the detailed calculation of ventilation losses in buildings. The model takes account of the prevailing wind and buoyancy forces, the leakiness of the building facades and internal doors and the effect of exhaust installations. Derives a simplified calculation method for practical calculations by heating engineers which is applied in the new SIA Recommendation 384/2 "Heat demand of buildings".
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