German

Reports investigation of air leakage through windows. Gives tables of air leakage of various types of windows with their dimensions, crack length, number of corners and length of air paths within cracks. Suggest that this information can be used to calculate the heat flow through windows.

Describes the importance and purpose of measurements of air infiltration. Discusses methods of measuring air-change-rate and the range of measurements. Describes test method and gives preliminary results of practical tests made in living rooms during the winter of 1975/76. Results indicate that more detailed and comprehensive tests are necessary to obtain valid data for heat loss due to air infiltration in rooms and buildings and dependence of air-change-rates on year of construction and type of building.

Natural ventilation of inhabited rooms is studied with regard to its dependence on wind velocity and temperature difference between the interior of buildings and outside air. On the basis of simultaneous aerosol and carbon dioxide measurements an attempt has been made to separate the two components of air exchange: ventilation through walls and ventilation through clefts and chinks.

In connection with the revision of the German specification for loads due to wind, DIN 1055, section 4, an extensive review of literature was carried out. The present report contains a chronological summary of the major research investigations in the field of aerodynamics of structures and the corresponding specifications for various different countries. The historical development of wind load research, the considerations and the tests, which served as a basis for the German specification as well as aerological problems are briefly discussed.

Describes how internal heat sources such as bathrooms and kitchens can significantly influence stack effect in high rise residential buildings. Taking into account storage characteristics of surrounding walls derives relationship for determining behaviour of air temperature in internal kitchen. Discusses differences found by this method and computer method between values for ventilation heat losses according to TGL 112-0319.

Reports systematic pressure distribution measurements made on models of rectangular buildings of various heights with gabled roofs of different slopes in a wind tunnel. Describes the models and test procedure. Gives results in the form of graphs of mean pressure coefficients for different roof pitch, building height and wind direction. An appendix shows how mean pressure coefficients are obtained from section pressure coefficients, giving graphs of section pressure coefficients over the ground plan of the buildings and the raised roof structure. NOTES translation available from B.S.R.I.A.

Explains method for calculating time dependences and average values of gas and particle concentrations in ventilated rooms, which permits determination of air pollution propagation in a room by means of given target functions. Applies method forvarious ventilation rates. Provides calculated example of determination of gas concentration occurring in a room with a leaky gas container. Illustrates representative time functionfor different pollutants.

Gives expression for the hourly air volume passing around a window due to pressure difference, and the total heat transference by infiltration. Describes tests made on site and in the laboratory on windows and discusses the resultant curves. The wood framed windows tested were either double-sashed or double- glazed units while the metal-framed windows were all double-glazed.

Reports results of studies conducted in Switzerland in small apartment buildings. Air change rates were measured in ten different apartment buildings using N2O as a tracer gas. Measurements were taken for various wind conditions andtemperature differences and with the windows partly open. Finds that ventilation rate increased by a factor of 4 when the windows on one facade were opened by only a few centimetres.