school

A significant part of existing educational buildings have to be retrofit in the next years inFrance. The economical, environmental and social requirements have increased with theinternational targets of reduction of greenhouse emission and sustainable development.

School buildings in Flanders are quite old. They cause concern not only about energy efficiency but also about thermal comfort, indoor air quality, speech intelligibility and visual comfort. To evaluate the correctness of the concerns, energy consumption was monitored in 18 schools, while in each of them a classroom was selected for detailed measurements on comfort and indoor air quality. The results justify the concern. Energy consumption per pupil varies significantly, from low to really high.

This paper summarizes a series of 10 experiments made in offices in order to quantify the effects of indoor environmental factors on performance. It is possible that those effects of poor indoor air quality, have caused the reduction of performance in office work.
This series is extended to carry out field experiments on air quality in schools.

The aim of that study that lasted 5 years was to assess the effect of repairs made to moisture-damaged school buildings on the students' health. With repeated questionnaires it was possible to compare the occurrences of symptoms before and after the repairs in school.

The aim of that study was to determine whether there was a quantifiable difference in biocontaminant levels between one school with a carpeted floor and another school with hard surface floor. During one year, air and floor dust samples were collected and analyzed. The results suggest that floor covering is not the major contributor to airborne levels of biocontaminants in nonproblem schools.

In this paper, the author presents what could be done to improve the poor indoor air quality in some schools :- A demand for accountability from school systems about maintenance procedures such as roof-leak repair, classroom ventilation and air-conditioning, presence and care of carpeting etc.- A promotion of a responsible and adequate funding for the maintenance of public facilities- The most important activity is a good, basic, responsive and adequately funded building maintenance.

During a field campaign 13 classrooms at 4 different high-schools of the Provincia di Torino and 4 typical medium sized university classrooms of the Politecnico di Torino were monitored during winter and spring season to analyse the environmental quality. Measurements along with subjective surveys concerning indoor air quality, thermal, acoustical, and visual aspects were performed during class time.
The comparison of those results from the subjective and the objective approach is presented.

In this paper, an example of how to use the dynamic building and system simulation to design, determine and optimize the characteristics of a heating and cooling system of a school building in southern Germany, is presented.

Floor return (FR) type underfloor ventilation system was installed in the assembly hall of aprimary school in Hong Kong. Experimental investigations on the airflow and temperaturecharacteristics were conducted. Pollutant distributions were also measured with different freshair supply rates. Results reveal that the use of low momentum floor supply panels reduced therisk of draught discomfort and created a more significant temperature stratifications comparedto those with fan boosted type floor air terminals. Ventilation of polluted air was localized upto the occupants breathing level.

Since the initiative by the government in 1999, indoor air quality (IAQ) has received attentionfrom the community at large in Hong Kong and the education sector has also been activelymonitoring IAQ in line with the proposed objectives. This paper reports the finding of an IAQstudy conducted in 2002 at two vocational education institutes. It begins with a brief review ofIAQ development in the education sector. An outline of the site inspection, the IAQ objectivesand the equipment used in the study then follows.