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Three blocks of flats on the outskirts of Worms were equipped with a mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery, a mechanical ventilation system, and stack assisted natural ventilation, respectively. Building description, air quality, air change rate, draught protection, noise level, energy balance, individual heating costs, efficiency calculations, planning and installation experience and user behaviour were studied. Systems with heat recovery were found to permit a 15-20 per cent reduction of heat consumption. User behaviour in opening windows is dependent on habit.

The amount of air infiltration in a building, for given weather data, depends on the leakage and its distribution on the building envelope. In simulations of 17 designs of multiunit, multistorey buildings in Berlin, based on a typical meteorological year we obtained a wide range of infiltration values that varied according to the floor plan, the number and location of wall openings and cracks and the flow resistance relationship between the inside and the exterior of the building.

Since 1970 measurements of air change rate have been carried out in about one thousand buildings by the Swedish Institute for Building Research (SIB). In this paper we present results from these measurements. The studied buildings are of various design and have ventilation systems of different types, natural as well as mechanical. The buildings include single family houses, row houses, and multi family residential buildings, erected between 1900 and 1982. The measurements have then been carried out using tracer gas (decay) techniques to determine the rate of air exchange.

In 1981 Norwegian building regulations introduced quantitative requirements to air leakages in different types of buildings. The requirements were formed as maximum allowed air changes per hour at 50 Pa pressure difference according to the pressurization method. To evaluate the consequences of these new requirementsimposed to Norwegian building industry a model proposed by the Nordic Committee for Building Regulations (NKB) was used. The average air leakages of residential buildings , built before the new requirements,are known through a research project performed i n 1979.

Possible health effects and changes in sensation of comfort among tenants after replacement of single glass windows in leaky frames with double glass windows in airtight frames have been studied. The study design was observational, and included a study group and a corresponding control group. The results indicate essential improvements of the indoor climate and of the health status of the tenants after replacement of the windows (i.e.

Summarises in tables the energy consumptions of a block of flats and a single house demonstrating how the share of energy consumed for fresh air heating and domestic hot water supply increases significantly in line with improved thermal insulation.

Describes methods of predicting concentration levels of indoor air pollution in a variety of residences by using residence air infiltration rates, residence volumes, and source terms, and by making assumptions about occupant lifestyle and poll

The prospective study included two groups, a study group, which had retrofitting of their flats, and a control group not exposed to environmental changes in their homes. The results clearly demonstrated a number of positive effects of the replac

Provides the results of tests into tracer gas concentration decay carried out in 15 Belgian apartments (Concours CHT) in 1982 to determine the rates of air infiltration. The tests formed part of a research programme which included pressurisation

Notes the trend to installing windowless kitchens, bathrooms and W.C.s in the internal zones of dwellings. Describes a research project to measure for internal kitchens the energy consumption and emission of equipment, the total daily energy consumption, air temperatures, air humidity values during cooking, comfort and air speed. Illustrates the test kitchen and gives the results of measurements of around 100 days of simulated operation for a household of four. Notes the consequences for recommended normal and peak ventilation rates.