For use in various wind engineering applications, it is desirable to have a consistent relationship by which to project height variations of both 'instantaneous' winds and parameters of the wind speed probability distribution. The power
Roof space ventilation is important in warm weather to dry out moisture that may have accumulated in the roof space. It is important to reduce the movement of moisture from the living areas to the roof space and to ventilate the latter by means of vents distributed between the upper and lower parts of theroof to take advantage of both wind action and stack action.
Air leakage characteristics of 192 new windows installed in new residential construction representative of those units commonly installed in the Minneapolis/St. Paul Metropolitan Area have been measured and evaluated. The tested windows represented all major operation types, window material types and manufacturers represented in this market segment. The air leakage data obtained in the field were compared to industry and government standards and manufacturers reports for reference.
Describes case studies of two sick Canadian buildings. The first illustrates a comprehensive programme of measuring air quality, ventilation and thermal conditions as well as monitoring the performance of the heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems. The second illustrates use of a standard survey questionnaire with back-up field monitoring of environmental parameters. In the first building the ventilation system was found to be malfunctioning. In the second building the humidity was very low.
Effects of a coniferous windbreak on electrical energy use in a 66-unit mobile home park in central Pennsylvania were studied during the winters of 1981-82 and 1982-83.
A water vapour mass balance technique that includes the use of common humidity-control equipment can be used to determine average air infiltration rates in buildings. Only measurements of the humidity inside and outside the home, the mass of vapour exchanged by a humidifier/dehumidifier, and the volume of interior air space are needed. This method gives results that compare favourably with those obtained with standard methods using tracer gas.
The heating of air infiltrating through cracks around doors and windows forms an important part of the heat balance of buildings. The complexity of the problem makes it difficult to calculate. Describes the development of an insitu method for measuring the infiltration of buildings.
The study, carried out in an atmospheric wind tunnel (reproduction of natural wind conditions, particularly turbulence), quantifies wind flows around built-up obstacles in their realistic location context, and the associated pressure fields. For various types of buildings (detached house, block of flats), the article presents in illustrated form the chart of these flows and pressures in general (mean values, standard deviations, extreme values), but deals more specifically with the wind resistance of solar collectors.
Describes a procedure for determination of the rate of air leakage through a building's exterior envelope resulting from specified air pressure differences. The method, based on Swedish standard SS 021551, can be used tomeasure the whole building leakage or just a specific part of the envelope. The air flow and the pressure differences are recorded for a number of pressure differences, both positive and negative.
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