Reviews some of the results of the project "The requirement-adapted ventilation system", which is part of an extensive research project "Indoor air quality and ventilation requirements" begun in Finland in 1983. Deals with the results of field measurements in which the relationship between CO2, particles and combustible gases in various buildings were measured and analysed. Also presents results of tests with an air quality-controlled ventilation system in one building.
In this paper, the statistical concepts of the stationary time series are used to determine the response of a simple structure to a turbulent, gusty wind.
This paper describes part of a research on the influence of environment on physiological reactions and thermal comfort. Experimental rooms and apparatus are described and the imperfections in some of the instrumental methods - especially in respect to the measurement of air change by tracer substances - are noted. A brief description of a method to measure air change is givenin which CO2 is used. The importance of limiting the rate of air change in rooms heated by fires - as a means to save heat - is stressed.
Use of spectral analysis as a tool in identifying correlations of annual and diurnal patterns of weather data is presented. Results obtained with the application of this technique to the 10-yr hourly data for six variables of Fresno, Calif., in the 1952-1963 period indicate significant correlations in the annual and diurnal patterns of the variables. A method is introduced for estimating coincident diurnal patterns, which can be used in load and energy studies. Considerations in selection of representative periods of weather data for standard usage are found to require further research.
The adiabatic boundary layer appropriate to flow over an idealised urban terrain has been simulated using a modified version of the system previously used to produce a rural boundary layer simulation. Where possible, measurements in the simulated flow were compared with full-scale measurements and reasonable agreement was obtained. However, because of a general lack of measurements in urban areas, several assumptions had to be made concerning the characteristics of some of the flow properties.
A wind tunnel of open-circuit configuration designed specifically for building aerodynamics is described and its performance is discussed. It has a working section 2 m wide x 1 m high x 8 m long with a maximum wind speed of 20 m/sec under
The calibration and use of a shielded dual sensor hot-wire probe, originally developed at McGill University for velocity measurement in highly turbulent and reversing flows, is described. The new probe permits measurements to be made in flow conditions which are not amenable to conventional hot-wire techniques. Two conventional hot-wire anemometers are used to drive the probeand a simple electronic circuit is required to decode the signals and producea continuous voltage analogue of the velocity component in one dimension.
The results of exposure chamber and field validation tests of NO2 diffusion tubes are reported. In an exposure chamber about 50 test runs at various relative humidities were performed. The field validation consisted of comparisons between tubes and a chemiluminescence monitor in 9 homes during several days in kitchen, living room, bedroom and outdoors. The results indicate a dependency on relative humidity, while the often quoted accuracy of 10% for the diffusion tubes might be too optimistic for the use of the tubes in homes.
Describes wind tunnel experiments on 3-dimensional flow around whole building formations. The pressure distribution on an isolated building with flow over the whole angular range was investigated. This was followed by examination of interference between high buildings of unequal height.
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