measurement

Endotoxin is one of the most powerful inflammatory mediators known. This explains the high prevalence of respiratory disorders among smokers.In this study, GC-MSMS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is used to analyze the presence of endotoxin in smoke from active smoking and in environmental tobacco smoke.

This research proposes a method for task area wide-cover personal air conditioning thatprevents a human body in the task area from being exposed to a largely irregular thermal environment. A Particle Image Velocimeter (PIV) was used in the research to measure air flow fields for conventional spot cooling and wide-cover personal air-conditioning(PAC) around the human body. The wide-cover type PAC formed a calm air flow field of less than 0.18m/s around the human body, while the spot cooling type PAC formed an air current of 0.3-0.6m/s around the area of the neck.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the possibility of ensuring an indoor climate within an acceptable range thanks to the use of large exposed massive wood surfaces. The description of the experimental study performed in four occupied flats of a multi-storey residential building in Sweden is made in this paper along .The analysis of the in-situ recordings is presented too.

Sick syndrome episodes were reported by the employees of Athens Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT). In this study recent indoor air quality measurements made in ATCT are presented and discussed. The data indicated that VOCs concentrations were above outdoor levels in certain places of the building, some actions were taken to improve the indoor environment and afterwards a second set of measurements were made, inside and outsite the ATCT building : the results indicated an improvement of the indoor air quality.

To satisfy the optimal environment in agricultural buildings, much effort is made to controlventilation rate and indoor temperature. However, distribution of fresh air is equally important for animal performance and welfare. So far, no sensor is available to measure and to control airflow pattern continuously in a ventilated building. Therefore, an airflow pattern sensor was developed to measure the trajectory of a nonisothermal air jet in a building with a single or multiple air inlet(s).

Nowadays, the need to keep indoor air quality under control is widely known due to the fact that people spend most of their time indoors. In order to show a useful working-tool this paper aims to present a guide to evaluate indoor air quality. This work was structured in the following stages: visual inspection, check list, data analysis, experimental measurements of the physical and chemical pollutants and an analysis of the improvement of indoor environmental quality.

The development of a new device for the injection of tracer gas is discussed with the objective of practical application in the field of HVAC airflow measurements. The uniform tracer gas dispersion for very short distances, when measuring airflow by the constant emission method is of great interest. This new injection device has a compact tubular shape, with magnetic fixation to be easy to apply to duct walls. After a preliminary study with an initial prototype already tested, further detailed experiments had been carried out, culminating in a second prototype.

Experiments have been carried out to measure unsteady velocity fields near the coughing subject (mannequin) and also understand unsteady transport process resulting from this type of transient flow. Representative human cough waveforms were reproduced using a flow simulator and the measurements were made using Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (TRPIV). Initial high velocity as well as rapid velocity decay with time and distance were observed, and velocity time history and vorticity variations were characterized.

In this paper a new test room for thermofluidynamic measurements is presented. The tests have been realised in the Officine Volta (Italy) workrooms as result of a collaboration between researchers of the Department of Fisica Tecnica University of Rome La Sapienza and researchers of the Officine Volta society. The laboratory was thought exploiting the knowledge in the field of thermofluidynamic achieved by the department of Fisica Tecnica in the last few years.

We present a method capable of measuring the velocity field in a 7.00m x 3.50m plane of a large-scale Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) experiment using an adapted Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique. The structure of the flow in RB convection is well known for