high rise building

Describes some of the problems encountered when the full-scale wind pressure measuring system was set up in an experimental building at the University of Hong Kong. Discusses effects such as excessive damping caused by the air trapped in the pressure- balancing tubings, and the interference between transducers. Describes modifications of the measuring system to overcome these problems.

Describes a model for calculating air flow in mechanically ventilated high-rise building. Gives simplifying assumptions of model and basic equations of flow for the network of air paths. The second part of the paper gives an example of the calculation for a seventeen-storey apartment building.

Unopenable, fixed windows have been widely used in high-rise buildings in Japan, but the energy crisis has forced a reconsideration of the merits of natural ventilation with openable windows. However opening windows inhigh-rise buildings, has the disadvantage that open windows causes air flow variation of a mechanical system due to stack effect.< Reports results of a computer simulation of this problem. Describes computer program to calculate air flows in a building. Describes example building, giving air leakage and HVAC system characteristics.

Describes a computer technique for analysing air movement resulting from stack effect in a tall building. Describes the method which determines the air flows for all possible paths through exterior walls and within the building. The building is divided into multi-storey zones based on the design of the building and the HVAC system. Gives an example of the method applied to a building under two different climatic conditions. Considers the problem of thedifficulty in opening doors due to excess pressure across the door.

Reports full-scale studies of wind pressures on a tall prismatic building under a strong wind. Discusses correlations of the wind and wind pressures, periodic changes which may be caused Karmon vortices and well correlated ranges of the wind pressure.

Reports study of the natural ventilation in elementary tall office buildings has been made using the analogy between the flow of air through a building and the passage of an electric current through a circuit of resistances. The prime motive forces, those of wind pressure and stack effect are detailed, and experimental values for these and other parameters related to the building are outlined.

Reports measurements of wind pressure distributions on a model of tall building made in a turbulent wind tunnel with a velocity gradient. The wind pressure distributions in a constant uniform velocity field were also measured and the differences in thepatterns of pressure distributions due to the effects of velocity gradient were observed at lower part of the model.< Also describes measurement of natural wind pressures and glass strains on a 36 storey office building. Finds inter alia considerably large pressure fluctuations of short gusts although average pressures are small.

Reports measurements made of the wind pressure over a model of the Empire State Building as affected by the presence of neighboring models simulating buildings which might be erected on the adjacent blocks. Finds that while the pressure on certain faces of the building was increased somewhat by the presence of neighbouring structures, the resultant of pressure on the windward face and suction on the lee face was decreased. The decrease was greatest when the shielding structure was close by and directly upstream.

Reports tests of air leakage of windows, made in a wind tunnel. Six different windows were tested, five were of the same design with different manufacturers and materials;two steel, one wood, one aluminium and one cast iron. Gives expression for the airflow through a window. Discusses pressure distribution on buildings and stack effect.

Gives a brief account of exploratory efforts to isolate the contributions of flow separation and reattachment to local surface pressure fluctuations. The study is restricted to tall buildings with sharp vertical edges. Pressure fluctuation measurements were made on small scale models of actual buildings placed in uniform flow of low turbulence level. Gives figures showing mean and root-mean-square pressure coefficients. Finds maximum instantaneous pressure fluctuation was four times the root-mean-square value. Describes characteristics of pressure fluctuations.