This paper discusses the impact of different air distribution strategies on infection control inoperating rooms. The quality of air in an operating room is primarily assessed with regard tohow effective the air distribution strategy is in minimizing the possibility of airborne particlescausing infection to the patient. The ASHRAE Research Transaction paper titled,"Comparison of Operating Room Ventilation Systems in the Protection of Surgical Sites" [1],is reviewed as a starting point.
The main target of this research project was to find technical and industrial hygienic solutionsfor small car body repair shops to reduce worker's exposure to chemicals during the paintingprocess. Worker's exposure to isocyanates and solvents was measured during painting withportable instruments in five car body shops of different ventilation and occupational hygienelevels. Ventilation performance was studied as well. Concentrations of isocyanates were highin the painter's breathing zone when solventbasedpaints were sprayed.
Ventilated ceiling system is an energy-saving replacement ventilation system for maintainingcomfortable working environment in kitchens. The technology was introduced fromGermany, but there have been no clearly determined relationships between their designs in anelectric kitchen and the ventilation design standards and no established design methods.
Research has confirmed that the well-being and the school performance of pupils dependsignificantly on the quality of the luminous environment, which can be achieved throughdaylight utilization. This paper focuses on the impact of different fenestration systems on thevisual comfort achieved in classrooms. Various window locations, clerestories, roof openingsand light shelves were examined with regard to indoor daylight conditions. The study wasconducted as a parametric analysis, in which models incorporating the above-mentionedsystems were generated on the basis of a typical classroom.
In this work, 36 basic schools of Lisbon city, Portugal followed a questionnaire of the ISAAC- International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Program. The questionnairecontains questions to identify children with respiratory diseases (wheeze, asthma and rhinitis)as well as their nutrition habits, ingested medication, environmental aspects, among others.The questioned children are 5 to 10 years old, and the answers are from June to December2006. The results are from 995 children inquired who have shown 26.7% with wheezingsymptoms, 9.2% with asthma, and 26.2% with rhinitis.
We performed a study on the effect of the discharge airflow rate of the ceiling type airconditioneron ventilation performance in the lecture room with the mixing ventilation. Theexperiments and CFD were conducted for analyzing ventilation performance. The concept ofmean air age and indoor CO2 concentration were used for evaluating ventilation performance.We made the CO2 generation model in the simulation and calculated a lot of cases withrespect to the airflow rate of air conditioner and the ventilation flow rate.
This study deals with Particle Matter (PM) levels below 2.5 ?m (PM2.5) in Portugal andshows that US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) directive is exceeded ina few places. PM2.5 total mass concentration measured in several places located in Portugalmainland and islands and the outskirts are quite well correlated for a few sites. Results showthat it is important to determine the elemental composition of PM2.5, and to develop anepidemiological study in Portugal to find a possible association between PM2.5 levels, sourcesand morbidity/mortality.
This paper presents results from a principal component analysis (PCA) on variables affecting on indoor air quality in newly established buildings, in which low-emitting, classified building materials were used. The concentrations of TVOC, VOCs, formaldehyde and ammonia) were determined for the newly finished and 6-, and 12-month-old buildings. Temperature, relative humidity and air exchange rates were determined simultaneously. These values were included in the PCA models, which were used to reveal which variables affected indoor air quality (IAQ).
The impacts of indoor thermal environment on body physiology have been carried on for four years (2003-2007) in laboratory in Chongqing, a typical city located in hot-summer and cold-winter region in China. Experimental objectives used are healthy university students. The range of indoor air temperature in summer is 25 C - 37.5 C.The objectives physiological changes (Motor nerve Conduction Velocity, Sensory nerve Conduction Velocity, Skin Temperature etc.) under different temperatures and ventilations have been tested.
Concerns about energy efficiency, has brought new constructive trends researches. Aspects as environmental comfort is quite important, with regard to new constructive technologies, showing the need of standardizing Brazilian buildings to acquire thermal comfort. The necessity of new internal environment data in buildings has motivated surveys about it. The proposal is to present the constructive typologies of buildings and their indoor variables in Curitiba city, Parana state, South of Brazil, relating it to the Bioclimatic Chart, proposed by Givoni [1], for countries in development.
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