Half the electricity use in supermarkets derives from the display of refrigerated food. Climateinfluences the performance of the cabinets and their energy use as well as the thermal comfortof people and the temperature quality of the food. This work is an interdisciplinary study ofperceived comfort in relation to measured local climate. The aim is to define an appropriateclimate and to improve energy efficiency with maintained or even better climate for goods,staff and customers.
The aim of this study is to create a database of the effective thermal insulation provided to thebody segments by various types of summer clothing (Rclei). In a climatic chamber with calmair conditions (v ? 0.15 m/s), Rclei was obtained for 52 garments and 97 ensembles. In themeasurements, a female thermal manikin that had twenty segments was arranged in a sittingposture.
The attitudes can reveal the hidden reasons behind the customer choices. Referred interviewstudies identified typical indoor environmental requirements of the residents and madeinternational comparison of the feedback from both young families and senior citizens.Good housing conditions have positive influence on people's wellbeing and they should bearchived without energy usage in vain. Even if most the elderly can manage well in nominalindoor air conditions, some of them might complain of draft or low room temperatures.
When dimensioning closed rooms according to the thermal sensation solving the relevantequations is necessary for a prediction of the PMV and for the determination of the surfacetemperature of clothing without using expensive simulation programmes in many cases, sincethey are not available for every designer.Thus we considered the drawing up of thermal comfort ranges as necessary plotting the PMVranges corresponding to the categories A, B and C of the general thermal comfort according tothe standard CR 1752.We have determined the terminating lines on both sides of the comfort range plotted f
This paper presents a concept for more realistic and reliable evaluation of thermal indoorenvironment. A detailed thermal model of a human body, interacting with building simulationmodel, makes it possible to predict transient tissue temperatures of a human body as well aslocal skin temperature levels in realistic working and living conditions. Using thesetemperature distributions of a human body as input data for a new thermal comfort predictionmodel (Hui 2003), both local and overall estimations of thermal comfort of a human body canbe obtained.
Thermal comfort standards determine indoor conditions in buildings as well as the energyconsumption for heating and cooling purposes. Existing thermal comfort standards are basedon steadystatethermal conditions, and according to recent research these standards can notdescribe thermal comfort accurately enough with transient boundary conditions.
Problems following the application of optimal operative temperatures estimated on the basisof PMV and the necessity to apply correct values into the new Czech Government DirectiveNo. 523/2002 Code led to experiments based on the physiological human body responseinstead of on solely mans feelings in a defined environment.
Indoor Air Quality and thermal climate in schools is very important as it has a direct relation to the health and performance of the pupils. The status quo in the Netherlands is presented (e.g. average CO2 levels in schools, quality of ventilation). The goal of a first study was to evaluate the performance of exhaust-only ventilation systems. The performance was rather disappointed there were a lot of problems and insufficient situations found.
Seven schools underwent an energy audit, evaluating the existing situation through measurement and simulation and looking to possible retrofit measures and their economic feasibility with the energy performance tool (EPB) as an instrument. The results are troubling. The seven schools audited are all problem buildings: hardly any insulation, windows quite air leaky, central heating systems poorly designed and no usage of an on purpose installed ventilation system.
Within the UK, the importance of providing adequate ventilation in schools has been recognised in a recently adopted document (Building Bulletin 101), which defines the set of performance criteria in relation to ventilation rates and indoor air quality in new school buildings. This paper describes a series of field measurements that investigated the ventilation rates and indoor air quality in three new secondary schools in England with respect to these new criteria. The study also analysed the overall performance of the integrated heating and ventilation systems with regards to comfort.
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