The objectives of this study are to reproduce in the laboratory different levels of cleanliness innon-porous ducts of HVAC systems, to compare a new method for sampling surface dust inducts with those methods cited in the literature, to compare the numerical evaluation methodto the visual method, and to propose objective cleaning initiation criteria.
A research project has been carried out to develop new methods and technical solutions torefurbish ventilation and air-conditioning systems of office and commercial buildings builtduring 1970`and 1980`. More than twenty refurbishment concepts have been developed,which deal with all parts of ventilation and air-conditioning system (air-intake, filtering,cleaning, tightening and balancing of ductwork, noise control, air distribution, demand basedventilation, night cooling, adding mechanical cooling etc) and which can be carried out oneby one or all together depending of the actual needs.
The design of buildings for animal keeping and the dimensioning of ventilation equipment forsuch buildings require knowledge about heat, moisture and CO2 production of the animals. Inaddition to these parameters the emission streams of odour and gases are interesting on thepart of action on the environment. Therefore basic research was carried out in different cattlebarns, different designed buildings and different number of animals under one roof. Specialinvestigations were done in two naturally ventilated livestock buildings for 288 dairy cowsand for 251 beef cattle.
Three dimensional simulation of flow and material dispersion processes inside the enclosuresof machine tools opens up perspectives of assessment not by far achievable experimentally.Visualisations of these processes in terms of velocity and directions, temperature and pressureallow for an in-depth understanding of the processes and their consequences in view of a reductionof emitted metal-working fluid aerosols. This is demonstrated by one example fromthe machine tool laboratory (Werkzeugmaschinenlabor, WZL) at the University of Aachen(Rheinisch-Westflische Technische Hochschule, RWTH).
This paper presents design considerations of ventilation and indoor environmental quality(IEQ) for a control center. Raised access floors are extensively used to provide flexibilitiesfor control cables and wires required by a control center. Underfloor air distribution system(UFAD) is more practice and economical than an overhead mixing system. It improvesindoor ventilation effectiveness due to the air stratification of thermal plume, and it provides abetter indoor environment for the equipment and occupied people.
This text contains attainments from indoor climate and air conditioning equipment monitoringin clean rooms in the public health service. The editor is designer of HVAC systems inthe modern hospital near Brno in the Czech Republic. The text includes the experiences fromthe design phase as well as from the function the hospital. Monitoring of the HVAC systemsenables during 2 years operation efficiency evaluation of heat recovery system from waste air.We are able to evaluate its economy effect. And benefit of heat recovery system depends ofcourse of outdoor climatic conditions.
The principles behind a new design of isolation room are set out. The process ofvalidating the design is described using a range of physical modelling techniques. ACFD model was also constructed and compared to the basic operational mode.Characterisation of the internal airflow patterns was used to assess the level of mixingunder steady state conditions. The techniques were extended to cover the response ofthe design to various challenges such as door opening. There are two reasons forusing an isolation room the patient is a source of infection and the patient is at riskfrom infection.
This paper discusses a methodology to support the performance assessment of ventilationsystems of operating rooms (ORs), with a further focus on the application of numericalsimulation tools in this design assessment. The performance based design should providegood information quality that advises the needs and expectation of the stake holders. Themethods consist of literature review, the development of an information matrix to assessventilation systems of ORs, and two case studies that will elucidate the approach and verifyits applicability.
A novel ventilation system which introduces bench exhausts and radiant cooling panels isproposed. The benefits of using bench exhausts and radiant cooling panel system in removingheat from equipment intensive laboratory are quantitatively evaluated using CFD simulations.This study resulted in a recommendation for a ventilation strategy using a combination of ceilingexhausts, bench exhausts and ceiling radiant cooling panels that appears to give the best thermalcondition and energy saving in the laboratory.
Laboratory facilities are known as significant energy consumers. High ventilation rates arerequired for providing safe and comfortable environment as well as optimum operation of theequipment. Air from laboratories involving chemical activity is exhausted to the outdoors andshould be replaced by outside air. Recirculation is not considered a good practice with regard tosafety. Protection of the outside surroundings is an additional environmental challenge.
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