Flame retardants have been used in polymers to reduce the flammability of plastics, building materials,fabric and papers. In recent years, organophosphate flame retardants were used as substitutes forBrominated Flame Retardants. The consume amounts of organophosphate flame retardants in 2001was about 5 times than that of 2000 in Japan. Recently, several studies have shown the carcinogenicityand neurotoxicity of organophosphate flame retardants. Reducing the risk of fire is the main advantageof using organophosphate flame retardants.
The groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system is an open-loop system that draws water from a well orsurface water, passes it through a heat exchanger and discharges the water into an injection well ornearby river. By utilizing the relatively stable temperature of groundwater, this system can achieve ahigher coefficient of performance and offers a more energy-saving solution than the conventionalair-source heat pump (ASHP) system. On the other hand, its performance significantly depends on thecharacteristics of the groundwater and the underground thermal properties.
Coupling CFD and multizone models can avoid their respective drawbacks in predicting airflow andcontaminant concentrations distribution in buildings. Two kinds of boundary conditions are commonlyexchanged between them. The multizone model can give either pressure or mass flowrate boundaryconditions to CFD. This study analyzes in detail the impact of each of the boundary types on the CFDdomain, and compares them with a full CFD simulation without coupling.
In this study, I surveyed household energy consumption and related indicators in various western andAsian countries. In the western countries, household energy consumption shows a trend towardsaturation, but in the Asian countries it is likely that household energy consumption will continue to rise.In rural areas of Asia, especially because the energy infrastructure has not yet been completed, theremay also be, on the positive side, opportunities to encourage acquisition of innovative energy systems.
Since the primary due period of 2008-2012 of the Kyoto Protocol Target Year is close at hand, specificmeasures for the prevention of global warming should be implemented in all areas. This paper outlinesthe energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission trends in the residential and commercialsectors in Japan. The paper presents the projections of CO2 emissions until 2050. The projectionsindicated that if the various energy conservation measures were implemented, up to 59% of reductionin CO2 emissions against the 1990 level can be achieved.
In the past ten years, there have been intense developments in the application of energy savings inbuildings and high technology glass invented mainly for architectural faades and skylights in all overthe regions of the world. The complexity of skylight use in buildings for obtaining day lighting is alwayscrucial related to energy savings matter with the climatic nature in every region of the world, specificallyin the tropical zone of Surabaya city of Indonesia.This paper is written mainly to the intention of the world crisis energies and the green architecturedomain.
While various VOCs are known to show neurotoxic effects, the detailed mechanisms of VOCs onautonomic nervous system have not been fully understood partly because objective and quantitativemeasures to indicate neural abnormalities are still under development. Nevertheless, heart ratevariability (HRV) has been recently proposed as an indicative measure of the autonomic defect. In thisstudy, we used HRV as an indicative measure of the autonomic defect to relate their values to thepersonal concentrations of VOCs measured by a real-time VOC monitor.
This research describes the effects of injecting rigid polyurethane foam into walls and fitting doubleglazing or inner panes to sash windows as simple renovation methods for houses, based onestimations of CO2 emissions from heating/cooling and LCCO2 (Life Cycle CO2). We estimated CO2emissions and LCCO2 up to 2020 in Japan and obtained the following results.(1) Injecting rigid polyurethane foam into walls in detached houses, where there is little thermalinsulation, reduces the LCCO2 significantly.
The necessity of promoting sustainable buildings is discussed in this paper from the viewpoint of theassessment of building environment performance. As the building sector generates hugeenvironmental loads, it is urgent to improve energy and resource efficiency in buildings. The concept ofEco-efficiency is introduced as a tool for evaluating the environmental efficiency of buildings.
There are materials and instruments which can be various pollution sources of indoor air quality in aroom. Recently, volatile organic compounds are paid attention as one of main air pollution sources.There are a lot of pollutants in a room else VOCs, therefore it is important to make a comprehensiveassessment of indoor air. We prepared to measure multi-component of indoor air quality. In this report,we described measured results that we measured the Multi-Components of indoor air quality at mainpublic facilities in Sapporo and Nagoya cities.
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