From the beginning of 2006 all new European buildings (residential, commercial, industrial etc.) musthave an energy declaration based on the calculated energy performance of the building, includingheating, ventilating, cooling and lighting systems. This energy declaration must refer to the primaryenergy or CO2 emissions. The European Organization for Standardization (CEN) has prepared aseries of standards for energy performance calculations for buildings and systems.This paper presents related standards for heating systems.
Indoor thermal environment is much affected by characteristics of an equipped heating system. Suchthermal environmental factors as temperature, air velocity, radiant temperature and their distributionscan influence the thermal sensation and the energy consumption of a heating system.
In this paper, a new optimal design method for buildings and urban energy systems is proposed. Alsoits applicability is analyzed through a simple case study. Genetic Algorithms (GA) which can deal withnonlinear optimization problems is adopted for this optimal design method. This method has twooptimization steps, selection of equipment capacity and selection of the best operational planning.These optimization problems cannot be solved separately due to the strong relation between thecapacity size and operation efficiency of equipment.
The heat island phenomenon in the Tokyo metropolitan area has spread ever more widely, and it is nowtoo wide to treat as a single regional phenomenon. In this paper, the authors have analyzed the climateon an urban scale in summer, and compared the regional characteristics of the atmospheric heatbalance at the center of Tokyo, an inland satellite city, and a satellite city on the other side of Tokyo Bay,using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation.
The purpose of this investigation is to know the present status of indoor air chemical pollution byVOCs in Japanese houses. The concentrations of formaldehyde, toluene, xylene, ethyl-benzene,styrene and acetaldehyde were measured in ten thousand built houses from 2000 to 2005. And thefollowing results were obtained. In 2000, the indoor concentrations of formaldehyde exceeded theguideline established by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japanese Government at thepercentage of 27%. And In the case of toluene the percentage was 12 %.
Heating and cooling of buildings may be done by water based radiant systems, where pipes areembedded in the concrete slabs between each storey. Hundreds of buildings with such systems arenow being constructed or are in operation in Europe.Because these types of systems are using the building mass for heating and cooling it is oftenquestioned how the systems should be controlled and operated. The present paper presents aparametric study of different control and operation concepts for both cooling (summer) and heating(winter) periods.
This research determines chemical substance removal rates of domestic air cleaners using with thepollutant constant-emission test. In previous studies, we have already reported the formaldehyderemoval rates of room air cleaners and the high accuracy of our method for predicting indoor pollutantconcentration. In the present study, the VOCs removal rates of room air cleaners were measured.Gas-phase contaminants were supplied to the environmental test-chamber using a custom-builtemission device. And performance evaluation test was conducted to two kinds of air cleaners.
The International Organization for standardization (ISO), Technical Committee 163 "ThermalPerformance and Energy Use in the Built Environment" (ISO/TC 163) is dealing with development oftools that can be used to design and construct or retrofit energy efficient buildings and installations. Theoverall aim for this is to reduce our dependency of non-renewable resources and to reduce theemission of harmful substances to the air. Methods are needed for the evaluation of the energyperformance of complete buildings and parts of buildings or building installations.
Home electrical appliances release hazardous chemical substances produced by the effects of heatingduring their operation. The present study investigated the emission rates of chemical substances onhome electrical appliances such as microwave ovens, vacuum cleaners, electric heaters, electricblankets, multimedia players, electronic dictionaries, MD players and notebook PCs.The VOCs emission rates of comparatively small products were measured using a small-scaleenvironmental chamber with a volume of 0.065 [m3].
It is difficult to evaluate the effect of indoor environmental quality on productivity by measuring only taskperformance. In this study, the monitoring of cerebral blood flow during task by Near InfraredSpectroscopy is introduced as one of the objective evaluation methods of workers human responsethat are factors affecting task performance.
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