Outlines the characteristics and physical properties of driving rain. Discusses natural wind and its strength, spectrum and velocity. Describes methods for the measurement of wind loads and of driving rain on buildings. Discusses methods of measuring the resistance of walls to driving rain and notes some limitations. Describes the protection of walls and joints from rain and discusses the formation of one-stage and two-stage joints.
Considers the rise in air pressure inside a closed building with openings on the windward side, caused by gusts of wind and the increased pressure on the building envelope, especially on the roof. Derives expressions for the transient pressure inside the building, dependent on the velocity of the wind, the volume of the building and the size of openings on the windward side. Notes that in general buildings are more permeable than has been assumed
The authors show how the shape and surroundings of buildings and their situation in relation to prevailing winds affect the pressure distribution in a building. Variations in positive and negative pressure zones in relation to wind speed and direction in discussed and the so-called "stack effect". Model tests carried out in wind tunnels on both high and low buildings are reported.
Reports measurements made in six blocks of flats of energy consumption and wind speed. Gives graphs of results. Concludes that a moderate wind (of 30m/s) increases energy consumption by12% and a strong wind (60m/s) by 25%. Suggests heat loss can be reduced by tightening windows and controlling ventilation.
Briefly discusses wind-pressure on buildings. Derives equations for air-flow in a building without internal walls caused by wind pressure from perpendicular and oblique wind. Gives simplified method for calculating air flows inside a building with internal walls. Gives tables showing results of calculation of air flows for a building with two and three rooms. Discusses more complicated building types and gives results of calculation. Outlines determination of ventilation heat loss, air leakage of windows and doors.
Reports investigation of air leakage through windows. Gives tables of air leakage of various types of windows with their dimensions, crack length, number of corners and length of air paths within cracks. Suggest that this information can be used to calculate the heat flow through windows.
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