Defines the method to be used for the air permeability testing of windows to be fitted in exterior walls and supplied in the form of completely assembled and finished units. Describes apparatus, test method and expression of results.
Reports measurements of radon daughters in air. The daughters were collected on filters for different lengths of time. A silicon semiconductor detector and the etch foil technique were used to measure the alpha particles from the radon daughters. Finds that alpha particle concentrations in living rooms have the same variation with time as outdoors.
Reviews the topic of indoor air quality as it relates to energy efficient homes. Discusses air pollution from combustion, airborne particles, formaldehyde and radon. Concludes that indoor air quality in existing homes and those currently being constructed, can be managed so as to avoid adverse effects on the occupants.
Discusses use of an instrumented energy audit, as opposed to a walk-through audit. Describes use of the audit to pinpoint infiltration sites. Method used is to depressurize a building and use thermography to locate air leaks. Briefly describes equipment and gives example of an instrumented audit of a residential building. States advantage of instrumented audit is that it gives a quantitative energy analysis as opposed to a qualitative one.
Reports findings of investigations carried out by West German Federal Ministry of Health in July 1978 into the internal climate in the one third of the rooms in a representative West Berlin school which are located in the building core. These rooms have mechanical ventilation and artificial lighting. Gives results of measurements of room temperatures, air change rates, (measured using N2O as a tracer gas), concentration of carbon dioxide and acoustic performance of the rooms.
Calculations show that natural ventilation exploiting wind and specific gravity differences may reduce the need for ventilation heat. This is not done as usual by ventilation through open doors and windows but through fine porous air-permeable outside walls. The optimum thickness of the heat insulation layer is defined, giving maximum saving of total heating and ventilation energy.
It has been shown by Bankvall that forced convection reduces the efficiency of thermal insulation considerably. The reductions can become drastic if the inner skin is not airtight. The leakage around a switch or junction box issufficient. The material in the windproofing skin must be sufficiently impermeable. If complicated joints are to be avoided it must retain its dimensions in varying humidity. If the inner skin is not tight caulking or taping the joints in a plasterboard skin halves the leakage.
An anemometer which was developed for indoor climate research has been modified in order to get the same shape of calibration curve for each anemometer. Experiments in a wind tunnel showed that this was the case for more than 80% of a test series of the modified anemometers. The time constant has increased but is still acceptable. Calibration curves and time constants could be predicted by calculation with reasonable accuracy. Some influence of dust particles on the instrument was noticed.
After a general preliminary discussion of the meaning of "heat recovery" and possible systems for carrying it out, the author examines the possible different ways of transferring thermal energy from one fluid to another by means of an indirect heat exchanger. Air-to-air systems are in particular analyzed, examining the operating features of the various exchange types(rotating, fixed plate, multiple tower and finned tube exchangers). The paper concludes with a series of considerations on both energetic and economic aspects of thermal energy recovery.
The indoor air quality of five detached dwellings, two townhouses, six apartment units, two mobile homes, one school and one hospital have been monitored. The pollutants monitored were CO, NO, NO2, SO2, O3, CH4, CO2 and total hydrocarbons. Reports results and describes a mathematical model developed to predict indoor concentrations of these pollutants. Briefly discusses the effect of energy conserving measures on indoor air pollution.
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