Describes the first stage of an investigation designed to simulate in a wind tunnel the full scale wind pressure measurements made by the Building Research Establishment on the Aylesbury test house. Describes in detail the wind tunnel, instrumentation, measurement techniques and experimental procedures. Discusses the problems of simulating natural wind.< Discusses the results of measurements of mean pressure coefficients. Compares results with full scale measurements and results of a wind tunnel simulation made at the University of Bristol.
Describes an energy audit, developed to determine economically optimal retrofits for residential buildings, based on actual on-site measurements of key indices of the house. Measurements made are; overall energy consumption, furnace efficiency, air leakage measured by pressurization, thermostat settings and window dimensions. The data is fed to a microprocessor and a program suggests retrofits.< Describes the model for estimating heating and cooling loads on the basis of "dynamic degree days", and the algorithm for calculating air infiltration.
Describes a procedure for measuring the transmission and ventilation heat losses of unoccupied houses and their solar heat gain. Internal temperatures, ventilation rate and weather data are measured. An infrared camera is used todetect both local areas of high transmission heat loss and, together with a slight pressurization of the house, air leakage paths. Gives graphs for calculating the effective solar heating. Notes that results obtained from the tests depend very much on the skill of the people operating the equipment.
Reports heat loss measurements made in an unoccupied house at Kenmay, Scotland. Gives constructional details of this well-insulated house. Reports measurements of energy and temperatures over two heating seasons and short term measurements of ventilation by tracer gas decay method. Finds natural ventilation rate of 0.25 air changes/hour and attributes this to low windspeeds. Compares calculated value of fabric heat loss with measured value and finds good agreement. Finds type of system used, either convective or fan heating has not affected the measured heat loss.
Describes some improvements to existing windows, such as increase of thermal insulation and airtightness, easier handling of windows consisting of separate casements, repairs, maintenance and alterations to be made when old windows are replaced.< In the section dealing with thermal insulation, tests were carried out by installing a third pane in the windows in 10 houses, and by reducing ventilation between the panes in 20 houses.< Repair of some types of damage was observed in some case studies.
The traditional vapour barrier is designed to be a barrier to the diffusion of water vapour. The air-vapour barrier also prevents the natural infiltration of air. Section one of this report discusses air-vapour barriers, the management of air in a tightly sealed house, the positioning of the barrier and testing procedures and standards. Section two gives detailed descriptions and diagrams of the installation of an air-vapour barrier at all parts of a house construction. Includes 123 figures showing precise positioning and installation of the barrier.
Gives a general description of air-to-air heat exchangers. Discusses criteria for measuring the performance of heat exchangers. Briefly discusses factors affecting actual performance. Describes the heat exchanger facility atLawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Reports tests on four commercially available heat exchangers and one home-made exchanger. Gives results of tests of effectiveness and airstream static pressure drop. Concludes that heat exchangers with performance characteristics superior to those tested can be manufactured for a reasonable cost.
Describes some of the problems encountered when the full-scale wind pressure measuring system was set up in an experimental building at the University of Hong Kong. Discusses effects such as excessive damping caused by the air trapped in the pressure- balancing tubings, and the interference between transducers. Describes modifications of the measuring system to overcome these problems.
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