Studies indoor air pollution (and its effect on health) arising from gas cooking. 6-11 year olds from selected primary schools were studied annually from 1973-1977 to see if there was any association between gas cookers in the home and respiration illness.
Defines term `ventilation efficiency' and notes factors which determine it: air change rate and temperature, sources of heat and pollution and their locations in a room, persons, machinery etc in motion, the design and position of inlet and exhaust air devices. Gives mathematical and illustrative flow models.
Briefly reviews ventilation requirements, types of ventilation , driving mechanisms for natural ventilation and infiltration, natural ventilation, infiltration and air leakage, air leakage sources, empirical models and infiltration measurement.
Reviews nature of air flow conditions, meteorology affecting building air flow, wind effects on systems operation, and physical modelling and full- scale measurements.
Demonstrates a simplified energy calculation procedure (suitable for a handheld calculator) developed for the evaluation of home retrofitting with respect to energy conservation.
Measurements have been made of infiltration rates and air leakage characteristics of the building envelope in 38 dwellings all built within the last 20 years and covering a range of construction types. Conventional tracer gas techniques were used (employing nitrous oxide as the tracer) to determine air infiltration rates. Overall leakage characteristics were measured under pressurization using a fan. Some correlation was found between the overall leakage characteristic and the actual infiltration performance of a dwelling.
Says that improvement of wall insulation and reduction of air change rates in existing buildings is the most efficient architectural means of energy conservation. Calculates that 200 gwh of heating energy can be saved per year in Hungary using this method.
Reviews important sources of indoor air pollutants, and discusses ways of measuring the contaminants emitted by the presence of man in a room. In a test chamber the carbon-dioxide and the odour intensity were measured as a function of room occupancy and ventilation rate. When the supply of fresh air was12-15m*3 per person per hour, the CO2 concentration was less then 0.15% and the odour intensity was evaluated only as a `slight annoyance'. Higher ventilation rates are necessary if increased physical activities and smoking is done in the rooms.
Notes research carried out over the last five years in the EMPA sponsored by the Swiss Federal Ministry for Environmental Protection. The aim of the investigation is to elaborate appropriate guidelines for the construction of the building envelope and to develop appropiate guidelines for the construction of the building envelope and to develop appropriate calculation methods for ventilation heat losses. Discusses the main approaches of the various investigations. Gives a brief outline of the individual stages of the research in the EMPA in recent years.
Notes that number of houses with radon content exceeding 400 Bq/m*3 is probably far in excess of original estimates. States requirements for new built houses and permitted levels in existing housing. Improved ventilation can reduce risks arising from use of certain building materials now prohibited. Gives details of loans available to combat problem and refers to publication issued by Institute for Radiation Protection on how to assess risk from natural sources and building materials.
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