Describes the retrofitting of 2 1930's semi-detached houses with insulation, draught-stripping, double glazing, heating controls and heat pumps. Measures performance and finds results compare with expectations. Simulates the heat gains equivalent to a family of four. Heat losses were slightly lower than predicted. Air leakage was also low.
DEscribes the ventilation system which supplies outdoor air into the living room and extracts air in the kitchen and bathroom as a function of measured air humidity. Explains how air pollution by carbon dioxide and odours from occupants is associated with the production of water vapour. The only pollutants not so associated are in the kitchen and WC, which can have supplementary air evacuation.
Decribes how the 19 floor 76m high Arts Tower at Sheffield University is having its energy use characteristics investigated. Illustrates a typical floor plan. Describes and illustrates a component pressure testing rig todetermine the infiltration coefficients of the vertically sliding windows. Treats the criteria determining the rig design and the air flow measurement procedure. Treats tests on windows where the sealant did and did not appear defective, the overall values of window coefficients, testing of a weatherstripped window, the payback period for weatherstripping the windows.
Describes the general methodology for ventilation measurements by tracer gas, using decay, constant concentration and constant emission methods. Defines ventilation efficiency and the ways in which it can be experimentally determined. Gives the results of a series of lab measurements to determine the accuracy of the decay method under different conditions, and the efficiency of some mechanical ventilation systems.
Describes the monitoring of 15 low energy houses built by Manchester City Council. Conservation measures include insulation, internal draught lobbies to exterior doors, draughtproofed windows and doors and tight building envelope, window ventilators with extract fans. Monitoring consists of a continuous recording of a limited number of basic parameters, and an intermittent recording of a larger number of variables at shorter time intervals. The monitoring apparatus yields electronically recorded digital data which is processed by computer.
Briefly reviews ways of reducing levels of pollutant in the house. Concludes that the best method is to ensure adequate ventilation. Considers how this can be done whilst still conserving energy including the use of mechanical ventilation systems with heat exchangers in tight houses. Concludes that making houses tighter as an energy conservation measure should be approached with caution, as the identification of indoor pollutants and the introduction of indoor air quality standards is still in its infancy.
Due to energy shortage and increased energy costs, there seems to be conflicting interest between hygiene and comfort on one hand, and energy economy on the other. Fortunately, it is possible to increase the ventilating air change rate in the zone of occupancy without increasing the air change rate for the whole room in question. Describes different methods for measuring and defining ventilation efficiency, and tests some of these methods in the laboratory, along with different ventilation systems.
Shows that the interior pressures in buildings are amenable to more detailed analysis than is conventionally given them and that useful information on them can be easily derived from the wind tunnel data on external pressures. The uncertainties can be expressed in parallel statistical terms. The importance of fluctuating pressures are related to the area of the opening and interior volume and a simple criterion indicates when these are likely to be important.
Presents an analytical model for the prediction of ventilation rates, internal pressures and temperatures as influenced by the combined effects of heat dissipation inside industrial buildings and natural wind action. The model inputs are external pressure distribution, pressure drop coefficients of theopenings and thermal conductance of the walls and roof assumed to be knownfrom experimental data. A simple example is worked out. It consists of a two span long building, equipped with a natural ventilation system and divided into two internal spaces differently heated.
An experiment was indertaken in order to explore sensitivity of measured pressures to the accuracy with which the terrain and boundary layer winds are modelled. A 1:100 scale model was tested for a single roof pitch and wind angle and eight different boundary layer simulations. The experiment was conducted as part of a review of the reliability of wind tunnel test data when compared with full scale experiments, such as those carried out by the Building Research Establishment at Aylesbury.
Login