Describes tests made in a single-family house to examine the overall effects of the kerosene heater in situ. Results indicate that in a tight house, maximum NOx concentrations can be higher than the ASHRAE and EPA air quality standards for continuous NO2 exposure and can approach the ASHRAE standard for24 hr exposure of NO. In some cases the NOx concentrations could be reduced to below the standard NO2 values by opening a window. Results show that average 24-hr NOx concentrations approach the standard NO2 value in a tight house when the heater is operated for 6.2 hrs.
Describes airing habits based on observation of windows of 50000 rooms in terraced housing and blocks of flats. Compares the results with observations in other countries. Derives an expression giving the fraction of indoor-outdoor temperature difference. Calculates from this information the average energy losses in Sweden due to airing.
One of a series of investigations of the improper functioning of ventilation and smoke stacks. The problem is essentially one of town planning in which the layout of low and high rise buildings can cause unknown influences at the outlet of vertical stacks on low rise buildings. The study concerns thepressure distribution on and above the roof of a low rise building upwind or downwind of a high rise building as a function of the separation between them for various heights of the high rise buildings.
Notes concern in recent years about complaints by occupants concerning the air quality in internal rooms. It is usually necessary to carry out an analysis of the air conditions to discover the underlying cause of the complaints. Gives advice on analysis methods. Treats selection of the appropriate measurement method, and timing and location of the measurements. Demonstrates the measurement techniques by examples.
Studies moisture conditions in homes in 2 studies. In one study, 17 homes in 4 states were probed in mid-March 1977, and all moisture content levels were found to be within the acceptable range of equilibrium moisture contents. Inanother study, collects data for 16 homes in north-central Utah, Southern Alabama, Northern Ohio and central Maryland. Makes measurements in each home for approx 1 week in the summer and 1 week in the winter. All homes have well-ventilated attics.
Reviews some of the factors which cause indoor air pollution. Includes a general introduction to the subject, lists of prevailing air pollutants and their sources, detailed data from research and stnadard methods of air analysis, a study of the relationship between indoor pollution concentration and health effects and current regulatory trends, especially in the USA.
Reports on symposium in Belgrade, 1978, on the consequences of blocked and contaminated ventilation ducts. Notes current research by Swedish Building Research Council into hospital ventilation systems and other work on aspects of contamination and its effect on efficiency. Also reports on investigations into ventilation in housing. Diagrams illustrate various parameters and the effect of cleaning and contamination on airflow and efficiency. Considers economic periodicity of cleaning. Stresses importance of cleaning heat exchangers. Article concludes with a subject bibliography.
Considers the dangers of gases which are present in indoor air and which cannot be detected orally. Notes current regulations in Finland governing indoor air quality. Illustrates sense of comfort with example using a bus and various measures to provide satisfactory air to all parts of the bus. Considers current knowledge on air change rates and personal comfort.
Health problems have occurred after the introduction of building regulations with stricter requirements for airtightness. Reviews work done to improve problems associated with the thermal environment and human heat balance, building and installation conditions; the chemical environment and human awareness of pollutants; medical aspects; radon radiation; microbiological conditions; energy savings, air quality and efficient ventilation; thermal insulation and airtightness; static electricity and toxic gases from building materials and the problems of low ventilation rates.
Reports on measurements carried out by energy consultants at a national test centre using thermography to determine any improvements in insulation and airtightness through the injection of mineral wool in Dormer houses. Measurements show results which are much better than expected. States costs and payback period of approx 6 years.
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