Describes an analytical model for the prediction of ventilation rates and internal temperatures as influenced by the combined effects of heat dissipation inside industrial buildings and natural wind action. Applies this to a two span low building equipped with a natural ventilation system. Results emphasize the relative importance of thermal and dynamic variables including wind incidence, terrain roughness, and the role of the opening in the internal partition wall.
There are several reports on studies of wind tunnel experiments and calculations on the response of air flow at an opening against the periodic variation of wind velocity and pressure. In these studies, the fluctuating components of natural wind velocity have been treated definitely. In this paper, theoretically derives the probability density function from a probabilistic model of wind velocity around the buildings, the consequent wind pressure, and the resulting ventilation rate and contamination concentration.
Describes a wind tunnel investigation of wind pressure distributions over a 1:100 scale model of a single family house, surrounded by identical building models in various regular arrays. Measures time-mean pressures at 122 locations on walls and roofs in a 90 degree wind angle sector. Calculates air change rates and corresponding heat losses for a full-scale building of the same type for a range of wind speeds and outdoor air temperature. Uses the full number of local pressure coefficients for the building surfaces as input data.
Summarises information from energy audits and post installation inspections conducted as part of the Residential Weatherization Pilot Program, operated by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). The BPA offered free home energy audits to identify cost-effective conservation measures to reduce energy forspace and water heating, and zero-interest loans for retrofitting. More than 6000 homes were audited and 4000 loans made. Audit data suggest that annual electricity consumption can be cut by one third at a cost of 2000 dollars (1981 values).
Discusses the mechanics of thermography, the type of instrument used and its application in building surveys. This includes the location and extent of any insulation deficiencies such as cold bridging or air leakage, and the quantification of existing thermal deficiencies.
States that many health complaints attributed to tight buildings (tight building syndrome) may be alleviated by slightly lowering the thermostat. Discusses the ISO draft proposal DP7730 which defines comfort limits in buildings for occupants according to several comfort parameters.
Discusses the requirements of a first class weatherseal. Concludes that silicone rubber is the most effective material. Swedish research shows that silicone resists deformation and cracking better than other weathersealing materials, and that a thin wall tubular seal gives the highest resistance to air and water infiltration. Agrement Board tests show that this type of seal reduces air infiltration through a window from more than 40 m3 air/hour to less than 1m3 at a test pressure of 600Pa.
Describes the benefits of draughtproofing as a cost effective means of energy conservation with a low pay-back period. The Draught Proofing Advisory Association is trying to raise standards by the introduction of a new Code of Professional Practice. It is also approaching the government with regard to including draughtproofing within its Home Insulation Scheme.
A rational method is presented to determine the locations within a building where the highest average concentrations of contaminants may occur. Using this procedure, the number of sampling points necessary for indoor air quality (IAQ) evaluation of a building is reduced to a minimum. Thus the time and cost necessary for building evaluation and analysis can be decreased. Experimental measurements made in a research house are presented to validate the method.
A comprehensive theoretical framework is presented, based on the use of moments of concentration histories ie multiplying concentration readings by time of reading and then integrating with regard to time. The concept can be used to characterize either the diffusion of the supplied air or a contaminant released within the room. Results are presentd from about 50 measurements demonstrating the usefulness and practical applicability of the approach for assessing air quality in ventilated buildings. Different experimental procedures have been explored and are discussed.
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