Comprehensive air velocity measurements were carried out above a thermal manikin to find the velocity distribution in the plume above the head. The thermal manikin was either standing or sitting in a climate room (6 x 8 x 4.6 m) in quiet, isothermal surroundings. The air velocities in the plume were measured at different heights above the top of the head. The manikin's heat effect was varied within a wide range. The measurements were made with both a breathing and a non-breathing manikin.
Awareness of the need for energy efficient houses has never been so high, but are low energy dwellings delivering the performance they promised, or are comfort levels rising?
For more than 1 year, indoor and outdoor O3, NO, N02 (NOx - NO), temperature, and relative humidity as well as the air exchange rate have been measured continuously at a commercial building in Burbank, CA. The indoor concentration of a given pollutant is a function of its outdoor level, the air exchange rate, the rate at which it is removed by indoor surfaces, and the rate at which it is produced or removed by indoor chemistry. Several examples of indoor chemistry are inferred from daily and seasonal variations in the collected data.
A summary of the evaluation of an air flow and contaminant model as part of the IEA-ECBCS Annex 23; Mullizone Airflow Modelling' is presented. Evaluation rather validation, is the goal. The most important points of the cases analyzed during this project are presented and commented from the point of view of analytical evaluation, comparison with experimental data and user sensitivity. The conclusion addresses the need for user-friendly tools and guidelines for the analysis of simulation output
In order to help the development of energy efficiency building standard in Brazil , to demonstrate state of art technologies and to encourage the use of hourly energy simulation tools the National Energy Conservation Program (PROCEL) has started the "6 Cities Project". The project is being developed in six cities around the country. For this project a standard methodology was developed and applied. The methodology consists of a survey in the local utilities to establish the highest energy consumers in the commercial and public sector.
In the IEA-ECBCS Annex 23 'Multizone Air Flow Modelling,' a sensitivity analysis procedure, that included both the Monte Carlo and Fractional Factorial analyses, was defined to evaluate COMVEN, a multizone air flow code. This procedure is here applied to evaluate COMVEN, when the simulation of the ventilation of a detached house is performed for the case of ventilation driven mainly by stack effect.
This paper describes a methodology based on computational and analytical modelling techniques in the prediction of building internal pressure gain functions. It first involves computational modelling of the transient response following a sudden opening, which predicts both the Helmholtz frequency and the damping characteristics fairly accurately. The parameter derived by fitting the analytical model to the computed response are then used in the prediction of the gain function.
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