It is often assumed that commercial and institutional buildings are fairly airtight and that envelope air leakage does not have a significant impact on energy consumption and indoor air quality in these buildings. Furthermore, it is assumed that more recently constructed buildings are tighter than older buildings. However, very little data is available on the airtightness of building envelopes in commercial and institutional buildings.
A study of the reliability of systems by considering the ability of different systems to maintain a required air flow rate over time is included in a subtask of IEA Annex 27 'Evaluation and Demonstration of Domestic Ventilation Systems'. Measurements and calculations were performed to determine the variation in ventilation rates due to variation in climate and variation in performance of the ventilation system. Dwellings with passive stack, mechanical exhaust and mechanical exhaust-supply ventilation, representative of the Swedish housing stock, were studied.
In designing and constructing its new R&D Centre, the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) had two main aims: to provide a comfortable working environment and to conserve as much energy as possible. To achieve these aims, attention focused on the control of heating and lighting, especially in perimeter zones near glazed areas. The major features included ventilation windows with integral automatically controlled blinds, and daylight compensation lighting controls. Together, these have significantly reduced heating and lighting loads
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