How do tenants of public housing respond to retrofits to improve their comfort and energy use during the cooling season? In contrast to retrofits to improve heating or lighting, cooling retrofits have been little studied, despite extensive programs by utilities and housing authorities to reduce this end use. A local utility and a housing authority have been retrofitting their buildings with evaporative coolers, ground-source heatpumps and other cooling measures.

Since the combustion of fossil fuels is the leading causative factor in global climate change, the "Westernmodel'' of adopting energy-using technologies and using ever-greater amounts of energy will have important consequences for the future of human life on the planet if it is transferred on a wholesale basis to the developing world. It is thus important to Uy to understand, in the context of global development.

This authors draw upon 16 years of evaluation experience in conducting energy service marketing evaluations and market assessment research in the commercial and small industrial sectors to present real-life experiences and results of marketing efforts for energy services. The paper covers the use of mass and targeted media, community groups, trade allies, social groups and networks, demonstrations, one-on-one appeals and other methods to market energy services.

Increased building indoor air quality (IAQ) complaints due to reduced outdoor air ventilation rates led to ASHRAE Standard 62-1989. Even though the stipulated total outdoor ventilation flow rate may be drawn into the HV AC system, thermal imbalances in the various zones of the building can lead to certain zones being starved of the specified ventilation flow rate thereby creating localized IAQ problems.

Energy efficiency was a significant by-condition in the design work of the New Block (23, 700 m²; 255, 100 ft²) of the University Hospital in the city of Linkoping in Sweden. The block is made up of several interconnecting buildings of between two to four floors, and contains the Heart Centre, the Ear Centre and the Clinic for Infectious Diseases. The principal aim of the design work was to decrease the electrical energy end-uses for air distribution, cooling and lighting (electronic ballasts, occupancy sensors).

Occupant controlled HVAC systems offer inhabitants of open office spaces some degree of control over their immediate microclimate typically by control of air supplied at floor or desk top level. Productivity gains have been attributed to these systems but it is unclear whether these systems will use less energy than conventional HV AC systems. It is also not clear what the controlling parameters will be. To study energy consumption, a simplified model of the thermal environment was created for an occupant controlled system.

Occupancy sensors have the potential to significantly reduce energy use by switching off electrical loads when a normally occupied area is vacated. While occupancy sensors can be used to control a variety of load types, their most popular use has been to control lighting in commercial buildings. Manufacturers claim savings of 15% to 85%, although there is little published research to support the magnitude or timing of reductions.

This paper describes a building analysis model for Russian multi-family housing, an array of possible retrofits, and the energy analyses for these buildings. It also describes the Russian retrofit project that will use these analyses to specify more than $300M of retrofits across six cities. The research was done under the Enterprise Housing Divestiture Project, a Government of Russia project with partial financing from the World Bank. A special version of the Facility Energy Decision System [FEDS] model was developed for use on Russian multi-family buildings.

It's 10:00 PM. Do you know what your building is doing? Is the economizer set to maximum outside air? Has the lighting control system, be it human or machine, switched circuits off in unoccupied areas? What percentage of your personal computers is running?