Building energy analysis and retrofit selection for Russian multi family housing.

This paper describes a building analysis model for Russian multi-family housing, an array of possible retrofits, and the energy analyses for these buildings. It also describes the Russian retrofit project that will use these analyses to specify more than $300M of retrofits across six cities. The research was done under the Enterprise Housing Divestiture Project, a Government of Russia project with partial financing from the World Bank. A special version of the Facility Energy Decision System [FEDS] model was developed for use on Russian multi-family buildings. FEDS is a user-friendly, Windows-based, menu-driven software program for assessing the energy efficiency resources for a single building, large installation, or city. Detailed energy simulation and optimization submodels estimate the potential for energy retrofits in buildings, explicitly considering all system interactive effects. FEDS was modified for Russian multi-family buildings. Specific characteristics peculiar to these buildings include natural draft ventilation, central plant radiator heating with no building-level flow control, and recirculating domestic hot water (which provides significant heating). Twenty-four individual building designs are considered, ranging from one-story duplexes to 16-stoty high-risers. About thirty retrofit measures are being evaluated including:

• insulation of attics, roofs, floors, and walls;
• caulking and weatl1er stripping of doors, windows, and wall panels;
• repair/replacement of windows and doors, including addition of vestibule doors;
• building- and apartment-level heating controls, radiator reflectors, and in-building boilers;
• conversion to forced ventilation, or user control of natural draft ventilation;
• low-flow shower heads and faucet aerators, and in-building domestic hot water generation; and
• lighting.