In this work a numerical model that permits to simulate the human body thermal system is presented. This computational model is based on the integral energy balance equation for the human body tissue, arterial and venous blood and mass balance equation for the blood.

As the thermal sensation of humans depends directly on heat transfer characteristics between the body surface and the surrounding environment, it is very important to clarify the heat transfer characteristics of a human body surface in detail. This paper describes a combined numerical (NOTE I) simulation system of airflow, thermal radiation and moisture transport based on a human thermo-physiological model used to examine the total (sensible + latent) heat transfer characteristics of a body surface. The human body is assumed to be naked (NOTE 2).

Experiments have shown that exhalation from one person is able to penetrate the breathing zone of another person at a distance. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFO) is used to investigate the dependency of the personal exposure on some physical parameters, namely: Pulmonary ventilation rate, convective heat output, exhalation temperature, and cross sectional exhalation area. Full-scale experimental results are used to calibrate/validate the CFD model. Respiration, although an inherently transient phenomenon, is simulated by steady-state CFD with reasonably good results.

The calculation of the infrared absorption in humid air (Schenker et al. 1995) has suggested an influence on the temperature and velocity profiles of the natural convection boundary layer. The profiles have been measured and confirm a small effect on the profiles in the laminar region of the flow but a strong one on the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. In a first approach based on the analytical solution for the conduction regime expressions could be deduced showing at least qualitatively the same modification of the temperature and the velocity profiles as measured.

The impact of the radiation absorbed by room air moisture 011 heat transfer and air temperature distribution was investigated. Both analytical and CFO approaches were used. For large spaces such as atria, industrial workshops, hotel lobbies, and aircraft hangers, the neglect of radiation absorbed by the moisture within the air volume can lead to significant errors.

The study reported in this paper is concentrated on the estimation of the heat transfer from air to ice due to convection. Together with measurements of temperature and moisture profiles, air movements have been visualised in a small-scale model of a planned indoor ice rink. Some field tests concerning moisture content and temperature also have been realized in two different ice rinks. The study indicates that a low emissivity layer in the ceiling decreases the risk for ceiling condensation, decreases the heat radiation on the ice and decreases the driving force for air mixing.

The coupling of simulation methods is an interesting way to get improved or new results concerning thermal conditions in ventilated, heated, and air conditioned rooms. Some results are given for an investigation of a room in a low energy house by building simulation including CFO and the simulation of several heating systems. Comparative studies are done in two different ways. The first way serves to get results about different heating systems concerning thermal comfort and energy consumption and the second one to study the influence of the CFO calculation on the results.

A Computational. Fluid Dynamics technique is employed to predict the two dimensional turbulent air flow which is created by an Aaberg slot exhaust hood reinforced by a two-dimensional wall jet flow. The standard turbulent k-e model, control volume method and SIMPLE algorithm are tised to simulate the air flow. The numerical results for the effect of the Aaberg slot exhaust hood on the air flow pattern, shape of the capture region and the velocity distribution of the capture region in the system are presented.