The aim of the research was to find out the indoor climate conditions in Finnish commercial kitchens by measurements and inquiries. Twelve kitchens were selected from the Helsinki metropolitan area. The measurements concentrated on thermal conditions. On the average thermal conditions in measured kitchens are not fully satisfactory and they varied considerably between the kitchens. Thermal conditions within kitchens varied also depending on the workplace. Heat stress harmful to health was only found in two kitchens.

    Thermal comfort i8sues in a commercial kitchen were studied in a laboratory test series. A commercial instrument was used to predict the thermal comfort of the kitchen personnel working near the hot cooking surfaces. The effect of variables like supply air type and personal nozzles were studied using a thermal comfort meter showing PMV and PPD indeces.

 In this paper, the airlfow and temperature distributions in a commercial kitchen are simulated based on the k- E model, and the ventilation efficiency is investigated for three types of ventilation systems. The result of this simulation shows that the suitable supply method of the outdoor air and the conditioned air can give high ventilation efficiency, and thus the kitchen can be kept comfortable with relatively low energy consumption.            

This paper presents an original protocol to measure the fluodynamic performance of hoods in the laboratory. Results are presented both in terms of contaminant removal efficiency and flow field. The measuring campaign has been performed in order to assess how the hood performance is influenced by the boundary conditions, the hood geometry, and the heat power released by cooking appliances. 

Twenty-four college students are asked about their subjective responses to a dynamic thermal environment with non-isothermal and intermittent air movement. The subjects wear an uniform of 0.6 clo and are sedentary. A rotative air jet can cyclically sweep over the subjects with adjustable air velocity. Each experiment lasts 150 minutes and is performed with three stages.

In order to give some guidance for the optimization of shop entrances regarding comfort and energy savings, a project was launched by the City of Zurich. The project covers field investigations in 12 shops with different entrance types, and analytical and numerical investigations (CFD)for complementary results. The emphasis of this work was on the interaction between the situation at the entrance for different technical local solutions with other factors of importance like building ventilation, building tightness and combination with other entrances.

The initial findings of a project initiated in the University of Coimbra and dealing with the conjugated influence of multiple stressors in riding passengers are presented in this paper. A field study in public transportation buses was conducted, having been the subjective responses of the occupants collected and the physical parameters related to the thermal comfort, noise, vibration and air quality acquired. In the questionnaires, the PMV scale was used to evaluate the thermal aspects and, for the other stressors, a five-point scale, from very uncomfortable to very comfortable, was used.