English

The present paper refers to the numerical prediction of air velocities and temperatures inside single-sided naturally ventilated buildings and more specifically the special case in which air from the external environment is brought into the building through single-directed openings. The work is focused on the physical procedures governing air movement during the single-sided natural ventilation.

The energy and mass flows required to sustain dwelling services can be established and quantified only within the framework of a stock and flow model of the total housing stock. This paper develops such a model to estimate the energy flows of a typical sub-population of New Zealand housing stock. The energy and mass flows of key building materials are estimated and the energy flows of alternative cladding systems are compared. The stock and flow model is driven by empirical schedules of mortality.

This study examines the influence of ventilation on chemical reactions among indoor pollutants. We have used a one compartment mass balance model to simulate unimolecular and bimolecular reactions occurring indoors. The initial modeling assumes steady-state conditions. However, at low air exchange rates, there may be insufficient time to achieve steady-state. Hence we have also modeled non steady-state scenarios. In the cases examined, the results demonstrate that the concentrations of products generated from reactions among indoor pollutants increase as the ventilation rate decreases.

Maior problems exist with the way some attic insulations are manufactured, labeled, and installed. An experienced insulation contractor, diagnostic technician, and building science educator sizes up the ongoing problem of cheating and offers specific recommendations to prevent it.

The cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in spring 1998 among indoor workers of 6 buildings in town Tartu, Estonia. The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate magnitude of possible problems related to indoor air quality in Estonian nonindustrial workrooms as well as in those workers' dwellings. Therefore, the questionnaire included questions about perceived indoor environment for both workplaces and homes.

On a morning of July 1999, the lawn of a rural medical facility was sprayed with an organophosphate (Chlorpyrifos) without any warning to staff and patients. Patients waiting to enter the building were exposed due to proximity of spraying and windy conditions. A physician walked through a cloud of spray. Details about the concentration of pesticide used were not available but use of a high concentration was probable. Exposure was suspected to have continued inside the building through opened windows, air exchanger, and people movements through the doors.

Analytical solutions are derived for calculating natural ventilation flow rates and air temperatures in a single-zone building with two openings when no thermal mass is present. In these solutions, the independent variables are the heat source strength and wind speed, rather than given indoor air temperatures. Three air change rate parameters α,β and γ are introduced to characterise, respectively, the effects of the thermal buoyancy force, the envelope heat loss and the wind force.

We try to compare an environment in different types of hospitals. The University Hospital iD. Prague is located in the centre of the town in historical buildings. Homolka Hospital in Prague is one of the newest monoblock hospitals, well equipped; smaller but specialised (e.g. Leksell Gamma.Knife). We compared tbe concentrations of anaesthetic gases and temperature in operating theatres with or without air-condition. The effect of ventilation systems was confirmed, when the systems were good operated.

This paper describes research on the extremely low frequency (ELF) end of the electromagnetic spectrum from VDUs, because this is very close to the frequencies of the brain when it is concentrating. Our most recent experiments involve the use of an alpha oscillator which when stimulated with magnetic radiation from VDU's emits frequencies which peak around 12 Hz. The oscillator neutralises ELF emissions from the VDU by resonance thus acting like a tuning fork.