energy

Most dwellings in the United States are ventilated primarily through leaks in the building shell (i.e., infiltration) rather than by whole-house mechanical ventilation systems. Consequently, quantification of envelope air-tightness is critical to determining how much energy is being lost through infiltration and how much infiltration is contributing toward ventilation requirements. Envelope air tightness and air leakage can be determined from fan pressurization measurements with a blower door. Tens of thousands of unique fan pressurization measurements have been made of U.S.

Currently, houses do not perform optimally or even as many codes and forecasts predict, largely because they are field assembled and there is no consistent process to identify deficiencies or to correct them. Solving this problem requires field performance evaluations using appropriate and agreed upon procedures in the form of a new process called residential commissioning. The purpose of this project is to develop and document these procedures and to demonstrate the value that applying them could provide in both new and existing California houses.

The role of ventilation in the housing stock is to provide fresh air and to dilute internally-generated pollutants in order to assure adequate indoor air quality. Blower doors are used to measure the air tightness and air leakage of building envelopes. As existing dwellings in the United States are ventilated primarily through leaks in the building shell (i.e., infiltration) rather than by whole-house mechanical ventilation systems, accurate understanding of the uses of blowerdoor data is critical. Blower doors can be used to answer the following questions:.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the impact of the relation between varying indoor and outdoor conditions on the ventilation loads of buildings and to provide HVAC designers with the respective information needed for the optimum dimensioning of the system. The total load generated by one litre per second of fresh air brought from the outside environment to the indoor space conditions, called -ventilation load index-, is calculated for the cities of Athens and Thessaloniki, Greece. The same principles can be applied to other locations.

This work evaluates the performance of different façade solutions, comparing simulation results of glass type and (internal and/or external) solar protection, in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. For the simulations, it was considered as

The main objective of the ongoing research project described in this paper was to study the potential forreducing energy used for ventilating buildings by using low-polluting building materials, withoutcompromising the indoor air quality. To quantify this potential, the exposure-response relationships, i.e.the relationships between ventilation rate and perceived indoor air quality, were established for roomsfurnished with different categories of polluting materials and the simulations of energy used forventilation were carried out.

The energy penalty associated with the conditioning of large quantities of outdoor air in hot and humidclimates is well known. The problem is even more challenging when the application involved requires100% outdoor air. This is the case in an animal care facility, which houses different species ofanimals that are used for laboratory experiments in the field of life sciences. In such cases, it iscrucial that energy conserving HVAC systems be explored.

A Simulation Program for Regional Energy and Environment Management (SPREEM) has beendeveloped for management throughout the life cycle from planning and design to operation of awide-area energy and environment whose core is DHC (district heating and cooling). Highoperability and easy understanding are required in SPREEM because its target users includedesigners and operations managers.SPREEM was developed as a simulation tool that executes calculation in Excel, and offers the highaccuracy required for management.

The effectiveness of natural ventilation, i.e. its ability to ensure indoor air quality and passive cooling ina building, depends greatly on the design process.

This paper first introduces the concept of “exergy”, which quantifies what is consumed by any working systems from man-made systems such as heat engines to biological systems including human body. “Exergy” balance equation for a system can be derived by c