Building performance simulation using Modelica: analysis of the current state and application areas

During the last years, the modeling language Modelica became increasingly used in building performance simulation. Several Modelica libraries for building components and HVAC equipment exist and many research groups use the language. This paper provides an overview about the application of Modelica. This includes modeling on different scales (e.g., urban scale, building envelope, HVAC system) and for different applications (e.g., conceptual building design, building operation). The modeling and simulation process is analyzed with respect to available Modelica libraries, how compatible these libraries are between each other and how they can be extended. Furthermore, Modelica models are analyzed with respect to the common tool chain (e.g., coupling of Modelica–based models with other programs, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis and optimization). Project examples are introduced and practical advise concerning the effective application of Modelica is given.