Urban planners and architects need detailed information about the thermal conditions ofopen spaces for their design. For the use of open spaces it is essential, that they have adetailed knowledge of urban climate effects, thermal sensations as the actual use of openspaces is very much dependent from that. The possibilities for adequate activities withinthe city structure also depend from thermal conditions.
A thermal comfort study was conducted at the School of Architecture, Institute ofTechnology Bandung (ITB) at Bandung - Indonesia, on the 8th October 2005. Bandung isthe capital of West Java province and is located at the 7o South Latitude. Situated at about700m above sea level, this city possesses a warm humid tropical climate with an averageminimum of monthly outdoor temperature of 18oC and an average maximum of 28oC.This study was carried out in a small lecture room, which was performed look like athermal chamber.
This analysis explores the pattern of variation of the desired thermal sensation on theASHRAE scale, applying for the first time the method of direct enquiry. Data are fromstudies of thermal comfort at university lectures and in dwellings. Respondents reportedboth their thermal sensation and the sensation they would have desired at that time. Thedata contain 868 comparisons of the actual and the desired sensation. On 48% ofoccasions the desired sensation was other than neutral.
The paper presents a discussion of the issues surrounding the design of sustainable lowenergybuildings. The main focus is towards naturally ventilated and mixed-modebuildings (where mechanical cooling is only used when thought to be essential). Becausethe conditions in these buildings will vary from day to day it is important to understandhow people react and adapt to their environment. Design guidance is changing and theconcept of occupant adaptation has become an accepted approach to the assessment ofcomfort in free running buildings.
Two thermal comfort surveys of people living in two types of naturally ventilatedhousing: traditional courtyard housing and apartment flats performed in Yazd Ilam arepresented in this article. The first study took place in the Iranian city of Yazd, whichexperiences a hot, dry climate. Over 420 subjects in 32 courtyard housing and 39 flatsresponded to thermal comfort questionnaires. At the same time physical and individualmeasurements were taken.
Living room winter temperatures are explored using data from 397 randomly selectedhouses from the Household Energy End-use Project (HEEP). HEEP has collected energyand temperature data on a statistically representative sample of New Zealand houses(Latitudes 35S46S). Initial analysis of the winter (June-August) living roomtemperatures shows that heating type, climate, and house age are important drivers ofindoor temperatures. On average, houses heated by solid fuel are the warmest, withhouses heated by portable LPG and electric heaters the coldest.
The Household Energy End-use Project (HEEP) has collected energy and temperaturedata on 397 randomly selected houses throughout New Zealand, providing a statisticallyrepresentative national sample. This database has been used to explore the drivers ofsummer indoor temperatures. The general lack of air-conditioning means that summertemperatures are affected by passive influences (e.g. house design, construction)compared to winter temperatures where space heating is used.
The LARES Housing and Health survey conducted in representative samples of eightEuropean towns provides substantial data from 3,373 households about housingconditions and the health of 8,519 residents. We assessed the relation between residentialthermal comfort, weather-tightness, ventilation, mould or dampness and some commondiseases and symptoms. We observed that reporting bad health was significantlyassociated with temperature, weather-tightness and mould or dampness problems.Asthma was significantly linked with mould or dampness, temperature, and ventilationproblems.
This paper presents a multicriteria decision-making model for lifespan energy efficiencyoriented intelligent buildings (IBs) assessment. The model called IBAssessor isdeveloped using the theory of analytic network process (ANP) method, and a set oflifespan performance indicators, which are selected by a new quantitative approach calledenergy-time use index (ETI).
This paper presents a conceptual design of a Performance Benchmarking System (PBS)for buildings called Buildings PBS, which aims to create an online knowledge-basedsystem for the life-cycle performance assessment of buildings. The research presented inthis paper is based on the concern that the performances of buildings are vital for bothwell-being and energy saving throughout their life-cycle. In order to achieve theBuildings PBS, this paper describes several research essentials such as the methodology,the deliverables, and the demonstration.
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