In North America, there are ~140 million homes and 4 million public buildings. More than one fifth of theenergy use in Canada is used to condition air whether from the cold in much of Canada or providecooling and heating where summers are hot and humid and winters are cold. To reduce greenhousegases and improve housing affordability, this energy use needs to be reduced. In 1981, the Federal andProvincial governments understood that science was needed to inform building codes in relation tooccupant health.
As a part of our research on energy conservation and thermal comfort of detached houses havingcentralized HVAC systems, study with numerical simulation techniques was started. The model is thehouse that has mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation systems with a centralized air duct equippedwith a sensible heat exchanger and has large return air (4 times an hour). The parameters in thesimulation are the set point temperature and outdoor air flow rate.
The avoidance of mould growth in dwellings is of worldwide concern. In England and Wales, therelevant Building Regulations guidance document recommends ventilation provisions to control bothmoisture and other pollutants in buildings. The performance criterion for moisture states that thereshould be no visible mould on external walls in a properly heated dwelling with typical moistureproduction.
The air quality in laboratories has a profound affect on occupant health and safety. Reducing the timeof exposure and the amount of contaminant can improve the occupant environment and have directimpact on health and safety. In this study, a novel ventilation system which introduces benchexhausts is proposed. The system offers the potential for application in new and existing researchlaboratories to effectively remove airborne contaminants at the bench using a technology that is costeffective and efficient.
Three indices for describing occupants’ activities in the office rooms are defined: 1) occupant office (OO) index defines the time occupant spends in a room; 2) occupant desk (OD) index defines the time occupant spends at the working place; 3) occupant je
The requirements for thermostats are increasing in the U.S. for a combination of reasons. Firstly,energy conservation and Demand Response programs are requiring thermostats to have morecomplex controls that can communicate with electric utilities. Other pressures are caused by theincreasing sophistication in U.S. homes such as systems for mechanical ventilation, economizers andventilation cooling that interact with operation of heating and cooling systems via thermostat controls.In order to meet these challenges, U.S.
The summer natural wind environments inside an airport terminal building under two cases aresimulated by the method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in this paper. The two cases havedifferent opening areas for glass curtain wall. Case 1 has the opening ratio of 10% while Case 2 has30%. The paper also uses DeST to simulate the annual natural temperature distribution under twokinds of opening ratio in a whole year.
The purpose of this study was to clarify differences between evaluations of thermal environment undercross ventilation and airflows from air-conditioning systems and electric fans. Nine subjects evaluatedthermal sensation, thermal comfort sensation, airflow sensation and humidity sensation in anexperimental room in the summer of 2006. The surrounding ambient temperatures, relative humidity,and air velocity were measured simultaneously.
A numerical simulation study on natural ventilation of two connected chambers in connection with anambient environment is presented in the paper. Extending a model of single-room displacementventilation, this study addresses a space consisting of two chambers connected by one opening at thelow level of the shared wall. A thermal load is placed only in one chamber, referred as a forced chamber,and the other chamber, unforced chamber, has no heat load. The space is connected to the outsideambient environment to have displacement ventilation in both chambers.
Chinese kang, an ancient home heating system, is an integrated system for cooking, sleeping,domestic heating and ventilation. It is estimated that in 2004 there were all together 66.85 millionChinese kangs used by 43.64 million rural families and 174 million people. Chinese kang is potentiallyan energy-saving heating system, which uses high thermal mass to store surplus heat from stoveduring cooking and releases it during the rest time for home and bed heating. Such a widely used ruraldomestic heating system is rarely mentioned in the open research literature.
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