Measurements of indoor pollutants have been performed in 50 residences in Athens. The concentration of CO2, CO, TVOC’s and PM2.5, PM10 has been measured. The ventilation rate in the dwellings has been calculated using continuous measurements of the CO2 co
European Directive for Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD) was approved in the beginning of2003. The transition period is 3-6 years depending of the article. European StandardisationOrganisation (CEN) has drafted several standards to help the member countries implementing thedirective. One of these is the Criteria for the indoor environment including thermal, indoor air quality(ventilation) light and noise. The standard specifies design values of indoor environment, values to beused in energy calculations, and methods how to verify the specified indoor environment in thebuildings.
In Heerlen, the Netherlands, warm and cold water volumes from abandoned mines is used for heatingand cooling of buildings, based on a low exergy energy infrastructure. The combination of lowtemperature heating and cooling emission systems, advanced ventilation technologies and integrateddesign of buildings and building services provide an excellent thermal comfort and improved indoor airquality during 365 days/year, combined with a CO2 reduction of 50% in comparison with a traditionalsolution.
In December 2004 the EU RESHYVENT project is completed, a three-year project within the EU FifthFramework Programme, on the investigation and development of Demand Controlled HybridVentilation systems in Residential Buildings. The project is a clustering of four industrial consortia fromSweden, the Netherlands, Belgium/France and Norway with a multi-disciplinary scientific consortium.Each of these industrial consortia has developed a working prototype of a hybrid ventilation system fora specific climate.
The thermal performance of the building envelope is mainly required for guaranteeing a comfortableand hygienic interior climate. A roof is a part of the building envelope which provides protection from thethermal damage of the sun. To improve this protection ability, we can consider using a ventilated roof,which has a ventilation layer known as a cavity, beneath the roof cover panel.The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of such factors as the slope of the roof, size orshape of the openings (i.e.
The indoor air quality management of the railroad passenger cabin is a hot environmental issue inmany countries. Especially, particulate matters are known to be harmful for lung and bronchus, andhigh concentration of carbon dioxide may cause headache and dizziness. Therefore, new regulation tolimit the particulate matters and carbon dioxide concentrations in the railroad passenger cabin is underpreparation in Korea. In this study, a new concept of an integrated novel air cleaning system for railroadpassenger cabin was suggested.
This study is focused on the efficient use of cross-ventilation in a densely populated area by using roofwindows in particular. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to understand not only the relationbetween the building coverage ratio and the coefficient of wind pressure (Cp) but also the relationbetween the roof slope of a residence and Cp value. To simulate an urban area, dummy models wereplaced around a target model, and the building densities were set to 0, 10, 20, and 40%. The roofslopes of residences were set to 0 (flat roof), 15, and 26.7.
The correlation of atmospheric pollution by VOC and NMHC/NOX ratio has been found. By usingNMHC/NOX ratio, the source of NMHC in the region can be presumed without effects from the diffusionand the dilution by the meteorological conditions. At general measurement station in A city OsakaPrefecture, the NMHC/NOX ratio shows high value in summer though NMHC and NOX concentrationshow high value in early winter. As opposed to city A, traffic measurement station C doesnt show thispattern. It suggests that the amount of the exhaust of NMHC increases along with the temperature.
Radon short-lived decay products generated from the earth is one of the serious indoor air pollutantsin Europe and US. We measured natural radioactive substance and main indoor air pollutants in thefacilities of Sapporo and Nagoya City. The main measured items were composed of 1) air temperature,2) air humidity, 3) CO2, 4) CO, 5) HCHO, 6) VOCs, 7) airborne fungi,8) airborne bacteria, 9) SPM and10) Rn and Rn-Dts. The subjected spaces were laboratories, lecture rooms, libraries, museums, publicunderground spaces, closed spaces without window and outdoors.
This paper presents a study of the impact of urban warming upon energy consumption forair-conditioning in the home, using a numerical simulation model. The results are as follows. 1) In citiesother than Sapporo and Sendai, about 50% of the total hours of occupancy were ventilation hours, andabout 20% to 40% were cooling hours. As a result, the total energy consumption for cooling wascomparatively large. 2) In these other cities, cooling hours increased in the summer as the outdoortemperature rose.
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