Modellers ands users of simulation softwares need to agree on a standard way to state the physical bases of their models The proposals presented in this paper are not new; they refer to the very classical way of describing thermodynamical systems. The basic piece of this description is the reference volume which may be "crossed" by mass and energy flows and which may also have some (mass and/or energy) "capacity". R-C networks are nothing more than "degenerate" or "simplified" sets of reference volumes.
This paper describes a general purpose software, Florida Software for Engineering Calculations (FSEC 1.1), that is capable of solving various transport equations used in building science (e.g., combined heat and moisture transfer, fluid flow, contaminant dispersion equations, etc.). The governing equations are solved by finite element methods. General capabilities and an overview of the software structure are given.
Many criticisms have been made about existing software for building energy analysis and simulation. In this paper, we try to show the interest of the model-based approach. The credibility of simulation results is pointed out. Main aspects of the CSTB contribution, in the framework of the GER ALMETH, are presented : the PROFORMA project about model documentation, and the MODELOTHEQUE project aiming to the design of a specific model base and its intelligent management system.
Traditionally, the lighting engineering community has emphasized illuminance, the amount of light reaching a surface, as the primary design goal. The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) provides tables of illuminances for different types of tasks which lighting engineers consult in designing lighting systems [Kaufman8l]. Illuminance has proven to be a popular metric because it corresponds closely to the amount of energy needed to light a building as well as the initial cost of the lighting system.
The Indoor Air Quality Simulator for personal computers (IAQPC) has been developed in response to the growing need for quick, accurate predictions of indoor air contamination levels. Many building energy use programs are currently in use, but heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system designers need a way to determine if a planned system will ensure the health of building occupants. Scientists will find this program useful as an experimental design aid, and building personnel will be able to use it to determine approaches that will alleviate contamination problems.
Lighting energy conservation measures are typically recommended in commercial bui1ding energy audits. Over 60% of the cost in Bonneville Power's commercial building energy conservation programs are related to lighting. To estimate lighting energy savings it is not uncommon to ignore detailed energy simulations which account for interactions of lighting with heating and cooling systems and simply multiply hours of use by wattage reduction. This paper investigates the potential error in performing simplified 1ighting calculations which ignore interactions.
Several single zone, monthly based, correlation methods have been developed at a national level , ver the past few years. Although the application limits of those methods are mostly unclear or unknown, the tendency grows to promote at the international level, such correlation methods as basis for simplified thermal calculations in the design process. The validity of a single zone, monthly based, correlation approach is analysed for residential building types in different european climate zones.
This paper describes the techniques for validating dynamic thermal models devised by collaborating institutions in the United Kingdom. Following a review of past work on Imodel validation, the United States Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) methodology was used as a starting point. Approximations and errors can arise at all stages of development, revision and use of a program. Emphasis was placed on thorough theoretical reviews of basic physical processes treated by programs and on the actual techniques adopted n some widely used programs.
The paper presented is based on work done within the IEA ANNEX 10 'system simulation' group.There, eight research instituts discussed and agreed on simulation models for heating and air conditioning components. The models are documented in so called 'component specifications'. These specifications contain a description how to simulate the steady state and also in a first estimation the dynarnic, hydraulic and aeraulic behaviour.
The objectives of this discussion paper are: to define the new Annex on "Calculation of Energy and Environmental Performance of Buildings"; to determine feasibility of the Annex i.e. whether the full Annex should go head or could the objectives of the Task be accomplished through other means such as conference, workshops, international associations; and to describe various sub-tasks of the Annex (assuming it is needed).
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