Reports wind measurements made on a multi-storey building. Gives contours of overall pressure coefficients and wind velocity profiles. Compares results with series of wind-tunnel model tests and finds full-scale measurements were quite different from model tests. In an attempt to gain greater physical insight into the problem tests were made on a two-dimensional bluffplate immersed in a turbulent boundary layer. Finds correlation of drag coefficient with boundary layer parameters for quasi-equilibrium type layers.
Presents measurements of the mean and fluctuating pressure field acting on two-dimensional square cylinder in uniform and turbulent flows. Shows the addition of turbulence to the flow raises the base pressure and reduces thedrag of the body. Suggests this is attributable to the manner in which increased turbulence intensity thickens the shear layers, which causes them tobe deflected by the downstream corners of the body and results in the downstream movement of the vortex formation region.
Describes both the macro and micro meteorological structure of strong winds in the earths boundary layer. Discusses the wind speed spectrum, characteristics of mean flow and gustiness and the structure of turbulence. Concludes that almost all theproperties of the wind that might be needed in structural design can be estimated from the mean-wind field and the groundroughness. Suggests areas for further research.
Discusses pressure distribution on buildings. Describes wind tunnel tests on model buildings. Pressure distribution on walls were measured in a constant velocity field and in anartificially produced velocity gradient. Discusses results and deduces rules by which pressure distribution and wind loads can be predicted for buildings in any specified wind field. Changes in the flow pattern due to the velocity distribution were observed and correlated with the pressure distribution.
Discusses in general terms energy consumption and energy requirements and the testing and checking of buildings. Gives principles of thermography and discusses the influence of various parameters on the thermography of buildings. Gives rules for interpretation of thermograms and use of comparative thermograms. Gives examples of comparative thermograms for common defects in insulation and airtightness, and actual cases where certain constructions and components were examined. Shows effectiveness of improvements made to remedy certain types of defects in insulation and air tightness.
Due to the complicated flow phenomenon in urban areas, the assessment of wind pressure forces as well as the rates of natural ventilation for groups of low rise buildings is complex. As a result, the current design methods for the prediction of these forces are oversimplified and lead to inaccurate estimates of wind forces and ventilation rates in buildings. A survey of previous studies regarding wind properties and their influence on pressure forces along with work related to natural ventilation, wind loading and air flow round buildings was carried out.
Describes standard tests for air leakage, water-tightness and mechanical tests to be carried out on windows. Describes apparatus and test method. Defines normal resistance to air leakage as air penetration of 12 to 60 m3/h/m2 of the surface at a pressure of 10mm. of water. At air penetration of less than 12 m|3/h/m|2 the windows have improved resistance to air penetration.
Reports wind tunnel investigation of the air flow around single houses and in passages between two single buildings. Wind velocity around the house was measured using thermistors and results converted to isovel maps, that is maps showing curves joining points of equal velocity. Gives diagrams showing isovels.
Describes a computer program used to calculate the air exchange in multi- storey buildings. An air network is drawn up for the building and arbitrary initial pressures are assigned. A system of equations is drawn up for all linearly independent loops andjunctions and the program solves this system of equations. States that comparison with the hydraulic analogy method gives a discrepancy, not greater than about 3%. NOTES translation available from B.S.R.I.A. price 1 pound
Examines the conditions that develop inside an enclosure subjected to wind pressures, by analogy with a rectangular box held motionless in a stream of water. Finds that internal static pressures may rise by as much as the value of the impinging air velocity pressure. Tight interior partitions result in a series of descending pressure zones from windward to leeward.
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