In the frame work of IBA Task XIII, a pilot project URBAN VILLA has been realized in Amstelveen, The Netherlands, Ref. /1/. This project concerns the development of an apartment building of 42 luxurious apartments, of which 16 will have extreme low energy consumption. Success and failure of every new domestic design are ruled by the sensation of comfort, experienced by the residents. Therefore, in order to make this a successful project comfort requirements should be fulfilled.
In order to understand why Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery is common in some countries of Europe yet installed in a small minority of domestic dwellings in the UK, surveys of Regional Electricity Companies and distributors have been carried out to identify whether there are grants available to promote the system in the UK and what influences sales of the system across Europe. A review of other heat recovery systems is provided to assess whether they are competitiors.
Passive solar building are developed to take advantage of the solar heat to reduce the cost of heating. This is obtained by windows with large glass areas in the facade of the building. This idea has some disadvantages. The large window area gives large transmission losses and during warm periods of the year overheating can occur. These disadvantages can be overcome by adding extra window components to the building, like a shutter, shading devices and vent windows. In order to study the capabilities of the building and the various components a computer simulation is developed.
Without control high solar fractions arc difficult to obtain from Trombe walls, direct solar gains, and rock bins. Integration of all these techniques by control is absolutely necessary. A short review is given of the available sensors, actuators, and control systems. The control of individual solar techniques as well as several combinations are discussed; for instance, the control strategy for the combination of direct solar gains and Trombe Wall. Based on literature general conclusions are given about the energy efficiency of these systems in relation with the control strategy.
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