Traditionally, ventilation and air conditioning ducts have been manufactured with rectangular cross sections. The rectangular duct can easily be adapted, e.g. to restricted ceiling voids and plant rooms, however, often at the cost of efficient airflow design and possible cost savings. A round duct system normally performs better and offers a more economical solution, which is the reason why it always pays to study and compare the ductwork design before selecting which type is to be used for a specific application.
All internal combustion engines produce exhaust gases containing noxious compounds: carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx, carbon oxides (CxHy) and smoke. With the help of a mathematical model the concentrations of some dangerous substances at the end of the tunnel were calculated, and were replaced by a criteria! number. A corresponding computer program was also developed thus enabling quick and simple calculations of some concentrations and the criteria! number.
Describes the development of the Swedish duct tightness guidelines, the "AMA system". The latest version, due in 1998, aims to increase tightness requirements once again by introducing a tightness class D as the standard requirement for larger spiroduct systems. The concern about an increasing part of the Swedish population becoming allergic and asthmatic led to the Swedish Parliament introducing compulsory inspections of ventilation systems in 1990.
A systematic analysis of ventilation efficiency of indoor climate in buildings is required. The article gives the strategy of that procedure and individual parameters of thermal environment and indoor air quality that must be taken into account. The discrepancies between the actual and projected values is limited. The same applied to energy use. Besides the analysis of air velocity at analyz ed spot the assessment and evaluation of local air turbulence intensity is necessary as well.
A renovation of a dwelling stock in Slovak republic primary mission is a dwelling environment quality increase and dwelling houses essential operative energetical claims decrease. Considerable means of an operative energetical claims decrease of these buildings is their airiness reduction, that leads to an infiltration air change under level of sanitariness needful. A heat consumption for ventilation optimalisation beside a collateral dwelling environment quality increase is possible to reach through a controlled ventilation systems applications.
Heat requirements of ventilation systems are becoming a dominant factor to be considered in energy balances prepared for residential buildings. This results from a consistent improvement of thermal insulating power and better tightness of partitions, as well as from the standards that ventilation systems have to meet in relation to the quality of the indoor air. This factor despite variable volumes of the air exchanged with the external environment, is not always considered in most estimates of thermal power quantities.
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