The purposes of this research are to contrast theenergy consumption characteristics of oldresidential buildings and new residentialbuildings in Shanghai, China, and to analyzeinfluence factors of residential energyconsumption. 16 10 families in ResidentialDistrict A constructed in the 1980s and 819families in Residential District B constsucted inthe 2000s were chosen to trace their monthlyenergy consumption data in the whole year of2006.

Nowadays, due to the energy saving purposes inthe building sector, at new buildings and atrefurbishments, modem closing elements arebuilt-in, with very good thermal insulation andair tightness properties. The frame of theseelements may be from wood, plastic or metal.Each of them has advantages and disadvantages,but during the exploitation the initial value ofair tightness may become higher. Thisphenomenon may appear because of the initialtensions in the materials or due to the failures inthe built-in procedure. The infiltrated air-flowthrough the frame gaps may be significant.

The primary purpose of the present study was toevaluate the effects of retrofitting of windowsashes by measuring air tightness performanceand thermal environment of apartment housesbuilt during the period 1965 - 1974 before andafter the retrofitting of window sashes. Also,ventilation rate in each zone and air tightness onroom fittings were determined in multi-zonetype dwelling units, and evaluation was madeon ventilating sinlulation between multi-zonedwelling units.

In this paper the energy performance and thepotentials of the energy savings decrease in twooffice buildings in northern Greece areexamined, within the frames of a renovationproject in office buildings of the public sector.Energy audits and simulations were performedfor this reason. Significant energy savings wereachieved in both cases.

The target of this study is to investigate aninnovative indoor LED illumination that usesheat pipes as the heat transfer channels toconduct the released heat of the LED to theheat-sink fins on the two sides. Naturalconvection inside the flow channels within theheat-sink fins or the forced convection made bythe returned flow of HAVC system serve as theoverall heat elimination mechanism.

The objective of this study is to identify theeffects of mirror duct system on energy savingsfor luminaries. The results of the experimentsshowed that more than half of the subjects judgedthe room was bright when the illuminance on thedesk from mirror duct system was higher than100 lx. Half of the subjects judged ceilinglurninaire could be turned off when theilluminance on the desk was higher than 100 Ix inthe case of relaxing. On the other hand, about80% of the subjects always switched on theluminaire regardless of the illuminance on thedesk in the case of reading.

The quality of a hydronic energy system isinfluenced by supply and return temperatures.Instead of using the exergy term, a TEA(Temperature and Energy Accumulated) curveis introduced for evaluating an examplifiedplanned 100 GWh district heating systemoutside Oslo.Main focus is on normal running conditionsoff the design point. The following questionswere raised when analyzing the energysystem:how could we make a design that improvesthe use of low temperature energy?is a design with low flow rate, i.e.

In this paper, a multi-zone modeling concept isproposed based on a simplified energy balanceformulation to provide a better prediction of theindoor horizontal temperature variation insidethe livestock building. The developedmathematical models reflect the influences fromthe weather, the livestock, the ventilation systemand the building on the dynamic performance ofindoor climate.

DX A/C systems are widely used insmall to medium size building and generallyrely on On-Off control as a low-cost approachto maintain only indoor dry-bulb temperature.Continuously running the supply fan in a DXA/C system has a significant influence on themoisture removal effectiveness of DX A/Csystem. During an On-Off period, the airpassing through the system's cooling coil maylead to the re-evaporation of the residualmoisture on coil's finned surface.

In order to further improve energyperformance of buildings, intelligentbuilding control is needed which integratesindividual demands and behavior ofoccupants. Intelligent Agent technology issuited to be implemented at different levelsof building automation. Individual agentscontrol the climate for each user of thebuilding in combination with feedback onthe energy consumption can lead to betterindividual comfort and a reduction of energyconsumption.