This paper describes some qf the thinking behind the thermal comfort provisions of the new European Standard EN1 525 1 (CEN:2007) for free-running buildings. This standard deals with all aspects on the indoor environment. The paper will presentthe evidence on which its provisions fortemperature in naturally ventilated buildingsin summer is based. It will discuss theadvantages they present jbr those concernedto design buildings which will minimise theuse of energy.

A survey of air conditioner temperaturesettings and clothing insulation was carried outfor university student rooms in June-Octoberduring daytime on weekdays in Osaka, Japan.The results are as follows. 1) Forair-conditioners that were turned on, thetemperature setting was 26-28C in 8 1.1 % ofcases. 2) Almost all respondents wore longtrousers and T-shirts, or that ensemble plus aninner shirt (78.9%). 3) Temperature settingsand thermal sensations differed by building. 4)Effects of soclts on thermal sensation wererecognized.

An investigation was performed in a middle-corridor-type elementary school in Tolcyo, Japan, equipped with an air-conditioning system for cooling.Temperatures and C02 concentrations weremeasured in classrooms, corridors and outdoors.Visual inspections were made on opened andclosed conditions of windows, doors andcurtains, and pupil numbers in classroomsduring each lesson hour. Pupils' and teachers'thermal environment evaluations andenvironmental control behaviors were obtainedfrom questionnaires.

Displacement Ventilation approach is becomingan interesting alternative to mixing ventilationainong Canadian consulting engineers. Thispaper presents two recent DisplacementVentilation projects designed by two inajorCanadian engineering firms. The designapproach chosen by the mechanical engineers isreviewed and compared to European andAmerican existing Displacement Ventilationdesign guidelines. The paper shows that sometraditional mixing ventilation assumptions arestill prevailing which alter the expected benefitsof the Displacement Ventilation approach.

It is believed that one method of maltingeffective use of energy is the sharing ofhydrogen energy or heat and electricityproduced by cogeneration systems at multiplefacilities in the community. In this regard,temporal changes in energy demand at variousfacilities in the comniunity greatly influencethe efficiency of such systems. Therefore, theactual conditions of heat demand as well aselectricity demand of different types ofbuildings were summarized

The main objective of this research is thepresentation of a method for finding lightingand power outlet energy consumption volume,which is both easy to calculate, and possesses acertain degree of accuracy, fiom the Japanesebackground of few lighting & outlet energydata and usefbl caclulation tools. Firstly, theexisting and newly measured data of officebuildings and commercial buildings werecollected, and the consumption structures wereanalyzed.

Considering density of housing in residentialarea of large cities in Japan, it is very difficultto secure sufficient daylight and lead daylightto whole space in the house. High side lightingis one of solutions for such situation. Andwhen high side windows are designed withopen beain, high side light can be propagatedto lower level through open beam. On theother hand, high side light brings highlightarea on walls or floors. The highlights areaoften appears on walls close to eye level. Thearea may cause glare phenomenon or maylower brightness of surrounding area bycontrast effect.

Cross-ventilation is difficult to predict andcontrol because wind exhibits a large degree ofvariation in both speed and direction.Consequently, the design of a well functioningcross-ventilation system presently demandsthorough and often expensive wind tunnel andCFD investigations. If one can lower the costneeded for these investigations much will begained. This paper considers the possibility toclassify types of flows based on straightforwardstatic pressure measurements.

In predicting the cross ventilation rate throughlarge openings, the use of general dischargedcoefficient , values for the conventionalorifice equation is not suitable. 'Interferencecoefficient' which is the ratio of the totalpressure loss coefficient of the room (0 to theconnected value of the pressure loss coefficientof an opening in series (Cn was used. This is akind of correction factor. The laboratory testswere conducted to measure this interferencecoefficient for the various opening sizes androom shapes using scaled models.

A semi-empirical ventilation model was proposed for cross-ventilation. This model isbased on local dynamic similarity theory andwas coupled with COMIS and TRNSYS, whichare widely used for energy conservationsimulation. A simulation study was performedon a typical detached house in Japan to evaluatethe energy conservation effect of crossventilationduring the day. The conventionalOrifice model overestimated the ventilation flow rates compared to those by COMIS-LDSM, especially when the approaching flow was not normal to the upwind openings.