Describes a simple, inexpensive sampling technique for infiltration measurement using SF6 tracer gas. Uses pre-evacuated blood collecting test tubes with rubber stoppers for sampling. This is controlled by a micro-processor driven automatic sampler, which drives a hypodermic needle through the rubber stopper to fill the tube with an air sample. Analyzes samples using a gas chromatograph. Releases SF6 at ground level in a high-rise cold store and collects samples of air at different heights to see if stratification is present.

Shows the ventilation of electrowinning cell houses and electrorefineries as being a complex problem. Develops a systematic approach to define the important contaminant generation rates including heat, moisture and acid mist. Discusses fluid dynamic scale modelling as a powerful tool for solving a building's flow field and contaminant concentration field. Examines other associated problems, including wintertime fogging in the building and the high costs of make-up building heat. Presents the possibilities for reclaim of low-grade waste heat, and evaluates the economic impact.

Measures air exchange across open cold store doors using an anemometer and by tracer decay methods. Anemometer results show that an empirical factor of 0.68 should be applied to the predictive equation by Tamm. Observes a further reduction in air change rate (about 47% reduction) due to imperfect mixing of the air. Air curtains reduce infiltration by about 75-80% and plastic curtains by approx. 93%. Forklift traffic and internal circulation fans also affect air change rate.

Stresses need to introduce sensible energy conservation measures into building and warns against superficially attractive solutions. Discusses reduction of ventilation heat loss by installation of mechanical ventilation incorporating heat recovery. Illustrates a mechanically ventilated dwelling with fresh air drawn into living areas and exhaust air leaving via the kitchen and WC. Treats further examples of mechanical ventilation which are adjusted according to necessary ventilation rates. Concludes by discussing trends in building construction concerned with conserving energy.

Examines airflow in the Glowworm cave of New Zealand using conventional methods together with experimental procedures using SF6 and CCL2F2 tracer gases. Results show that the rate and direction of airflow are a direct response to a thermally

Uses a two-region model to predict infiltration, to take into account non-ideal mixing of tracer gas in a building. Considers versions of this model:< 1. Fluid flows between the 2 regions and the environment in any manner provided steady state and mass balance are maintained.< 2. There is limited interchange between the regions< 3 Air flows into the first region and out of the second with (unbalanced) interchange between the two.< 4. The second region is a "dead-water" zone, which is not directly connected with the outside.<5.

Compares measurements of surface pressure and response on the CAARC standard tall building model, made at 6 establishments. In general, the degree of accuracy is good and mostly within the scatter of reasonable experimental accuracy. Observes small trends in respect of pressure measurements which could be attributed to differences in the approaching longitudinal velocity spectrum and to the requirement for blockage corrections. Finds no obvious trends in the dynamic response measurements, where the majority of the data compares within +-15%.

Explores the health implications, external and internal contributions, and the measurement of indoor air pollution including such subjects as sampling and analysis, calibration, time scale and interferences. Outlines the current status of prediction techniques, including areas such as one-compartment models, infiltration estimation, and empirical models. Summarizes the most common control methods. Examines, in detail, the application of modelling techniques to several typical indoor settings, for example, a restaurant, kitchen or a conference room with smokers.

Carries out a review and evaluation of residential building energy analysis programs in 6 steps - 1. Survey of the experience and needs of electric and gas utilities in residential building energy analysis 2. Identification of currently available programs for residential energy use analysis 3. Examination and summary of intended capabilities of 10 programs 4. In depth analysis of the engineering bases of 5 programs (DOE 2.1, ENCORE-CANADA, HEAP, REAP and TRYNSIS) 5. Tests of these 5 programs 6.

Describes the types of damage that condensation can cause in a domestic pitched roof with insulation, and outlines the design options available to reduce the risk of condensation. Most of the water vapour comes from within the house, both by movement of air through gaps in the ceiling and by diffusion through the plasterboard. The type of damage depends on the structure of the roof. If there is a non-absorbent lining, water can condense on it and subsequently run or drip on to the timbers and ceilings. Absorbent linings are then wetted and may rot.