During a 12 month period, an experimental house (retrofitted, with an air to air heat exchanger) and a control house are being monitored for various infiltration, indoor air quality and energy use parameters.
Investigations have been carried out over the last three years in industrial buildings having a variety of manufacturing processes. Data were collected on contaminant source and behaviour, exhaust ventilation, supply air, workroom pressure differentials, air currents in the workroom and discharges from exhaust ventilation systems. From these measurements a workroom air balance was drawn up and the re-entrainment of contamination from discharge into the breathing zone of people in the workroom was studied.
Describes a completely automated constant concentration tracer gas technique for measurement of air infiltration. The equipment consists of five components: 1 a controller, 2 a tracer gas analyzer, 3 an injection and sampling unit, 4 special mixing fans and 5 apparatus for the calibration of the tracer gas flow. The system is controlled by a microcomputer.
The increasing number of heat recovery devices in ventilation systems for residential buildings leads to the necessity for a standard test procedure. In this paper the main examination criteria are stated. The test facilities todetermine the efficiencies and the air leakage of heat recovery devices are specified. The test procedure used is described. Results from different heat recovery units indicate the suitability of the developed test equipment.
Retrofitting of older buildings brings about a noticeable drop in air supply. Fireplaces in buildings need sufficient combustion air. Tight windows may cause insufficient air supply. Therefore an adequate combustion air flow for the fireplace may not be attained and poor combustion will take place. In this study data on length, tightness, etc of windows, doors and other openings in buildings of the last 30 years have been collected.
Energy conservation in dwellings has been realized mainly by tight windows and by improving heat insulation. Increasing damage to the building fabric by humidity and mould has been noticed. But there is no correlation between this damage and the improved insulation. Rather it is caused by too low ventilation rates. This paper deals with these problems in detail. Ventilation rates in the order of 0.5 to 0.8 per hour are assumed to be sufficient to avoid detrimental effects for the building and the inhabitants.
From a hygienic viewpoint, optimum indoor air quality can be characterized as the complete absence of pollutants. The most important sources of such pollutants are reviewed, including those entering a room from outside, those generated by human activity and those emanating from various materials. Thebasic requirement is for all emissions to be as low as possible. For CO2 and formaldehyde the existing standards are reasonable. For most of the other substances it is not recommended to define tolerable limit values since such definition may decrease the efforts to attain a zero level.
In this demonstration project the energy consumption, temperature and humidity curves, and occupancy behaviour are measured, registered and evaluated in 8flats with air infiltration and ventilation as stated in VDI 2088 in thecentre of a block. These are compared with the other 16 flats in the block. Results of the first tests are presented.
Reports on use of supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery in prefabricated houses and multi-storey buildings. In thermal super insulated buildings the system can supply heat demand down to an outside temperature of5 degrees C: additional electric storage heating is used below thistemperature. The ventilation system operates at an air change rate of approximately 0.7 per hour in the following way: exhaust air from the kitchen, bathroom, and WC, supply air to the living and bedrooms. It is combined with an air to air heat pump.
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