By using the technique of turbulent large eddy simulation (LES) and finite element method (FEM) of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the three dimensional flow fields in vector flow clean-room under empty state and static state condition were predicted. The partly expanded Taylor-Galerkin discretization scheme cooperated with implicit stream-upwind diffusion effect was used to deduce the finite element formulation of basic equations through Gauss filtering. The subgrid model of vortex viscosity was adopted in the numerical simulation.

In large buildings, pollutants may be emitted locally and discontinuously what can result in time dependent heterogeneous pollutant concentration fields. Efficient ventilation solutions should provide the right amount of fresh air at the right place so as to minimise energy cost and discomfort. In this paper, a new ventilation strategy is developed. It is divided in several phases. First, pollution sources are identified with a minimisation technique and then the time dependent pollutant concentration is predicted.

In modern buildings, smoke control systems are integrated into the air supply systems. It is possible that the design of the smoke control system will dominate the design process of the air supply system. Smoke reservoir size is one of the design parameters for the smoke control system. The reservoir size has been limited to 2000-3000 m2 in both Hong Kong and UK. However, this study revealed that the smoke reservoir size should be considered in connection with the slab ceiling height of the smoke zone. The higher the slab ceiling, the larger the smoke reservoir could be.

Based on the literature and our long-term investigations on indoor environment, the heat source patterns (distribution, location, size, etc) have a predominant effect on temperature efficiency as well as ventilation effectiveness. Although the heat sources of ventilated rooms are various and complicated in engineering practices, some typical characteristics still exist in common.

A large part of the housing stock in the Netherlands is ventilated badly. Exhaust systems do not work according to building standards. Bad design, bad maintenance and deterioration give a reduction in exhaust volumes of more than 50 %. Home owners and tenants compensate with extra cross-ventilation, but often the results is poor. The National Union of Tenants and the Research Institute OTB cooperated in the design of a quality assessment tool, to evaluate the provisions for ventilation in housing. The tool is a checklist for the quality of ventilation services in the house.

Ventilation effectiveness is an important means to describe and evaluate the performance of a ventilation system. In terms of ventilation tasks, this paper presents a unified physical model for the ventilation efficiency scales based on conservation principles to which a ventilation system should conform. Transport equations for the local mean age of air and contaminant are respectively obtained, which can be integrated solved by the CFD program. To validate the proposed model and CFD simulation of the ventilation efficiency, a 2-D laminar ventilation flow is analysed.

On the bases of the definitions of air conditioning period, dehumidifying period and heating period, this paper puts forward to the exchanging conditions and psychometric process of ventilation system in residences. In order to improve on thermal environment quality and indoor air quality (IAQ), new strategies must be found to control both temperature and humidity of ventilation system.

This paper founds the procedures of standard summer meteorological parameters in hot summer and cold winter region, determines the hourly meteorological model of dry and wet temperature change for sunny days, cloudy and rainy days, and builds up Chongqing's standard summer meteorological parameter database. Then based on hourly-degree method, this paper also analyses the ventilation cooling loads with new concepts such as ventilation cooling load index (VCLI), ventilation cooling temperature degree hour (CDH), cooling wetness hour (CWH0 and cooling enthalpy hour (CEH_.

In accordance with the regular and irregular variation principle of high-rise building wind pressure with the variation of time, wind direction proposed in associated reference and high-rise building around flow aerodynamic characteristic. An analysis is made about the characteristic and range in which wind pressure on high-rise building changes largely with coming flow, time and wind direction in the paper. On this base, this paper points out that building heat load and air infiltration rate is unstable and has large fluctuation in certain period.

Thermal comfort field studies were conducted in three different sessions (morning, afternoon and night) of the day to evaluate the actual thermal comfort perception of the occupants. Direct and indirect assessment of the thermal acceptability were performed to investigate whether the naturally ventilated indoor environment meet the ASHRAE Standard-55's 80% acceptability criteria. Comparison of thermal sensation and thermal comfort votes revealed that a high proportion of people experiencing sensations of +2, +3 still found the conditions to be comfortable.