Analyses the possibility of preventing disease being spread through a school ventilating system. States that the effectiveness of disinfecting recirculated air in blocking person to person transmission of airborne infection can be predicted to be great at the beginning of a potential outbreak and negligible during an established epidemic. Also states that air disinfection would supplement immunization in the control of respiratory infection and might be cost effective.

Coughing, throat irritation, shortness of breath and disorientation were experienced by employees of a communications firm, resulting in building evacuation. Describes how a multidisciplinary team analysed the source of the problem. Results suggested that the outbreak was due to multiple factors including microbial growth in the air handling system, chemical product use in the building, and insufficient outdoor air. States that psychosocial factors also played a role.

The study was undertaken to find out the effect of changing the supply of outdoor air in four office buildings on the sick building syndrome symptoms reported by workers. The ventilation systems in each building were manipulated in random order to deliver to the indoor environment 20 or 50 ft3 of outdoor air per minute per person for one week at a time. Each week the workers, who knew nothing of the scheme, were invited to report symptoms.

Forty seven residential buildings were monitored for indoor acid aerosol, nitric acid and ammonia concentrations over a summer in State College, Pennsylvania. Questionnaires were also distributed for information on occupant behaviour. The paper discusses the relationship between ammonia and concentrations of aerosol strong acidity and HNO3 in the buildings. The indoor outdoor relationship was also analysed. High indoor NH3 levels were found and low acid levels. Mass balance models that included an NH3 neutralisation term were found to predict indoor acid concentrations reasonably well.

Describes an evaluation made of employee health complaints at a credit bank. A self-administered questionnaire determined the symptoms. The authors looked at ventilation effectiveness, contaminant concentrations and microclimate in relation to employee discomfort and health problems. Relatively high levels of carbon dioxide and bioaerosols were found, although temperature and humidity were normal. The authors suggest that an ineffective rate of room air exchange may be a significant factor.

Air infiltration through the exterior envelope of a residential building impacts significantly on the heating energy consumption and cost, especially in a cold climate such as Montreal's. Therefore to renovate existing houses to the level of new well-built houses in terms of airtightness will lead to a reduction of the heating energy costs. By considering the life-cycle energy consumption and the initial cost of renovation, and the CO2 tax credits, the paper estimates the cost-effectiveness of this type of renovation.

In most countries nowadays, concepts of climatization and natural ventilation are considered essential aspects of any building project. However they are also used to ensure indoor air quality and summer thermal comfort. There are many other advantages to be gained such as reductions in energy use and noise levels and easier plant maintenance. In recent years, hybrid ventilation systems in office buildings have been used increasingly.

The Field Museum is a world-renowned natural science institution. It is housed in an 84,000 m 2 building constructed from 1917 to 1921. Housed in the building are scientific laboratories, specimen preparation facilities, resource centers, over twenty-one million specimens, public exhibits, educational venues and lecture halls, administrative areas and restaurants. This paper presents the approaches used by The Field Museum to bring itself forward into the 21 st Century. The process started in 1993 and includes significant modifications/ replacement/modernization of the HVAC systems.

This research is based upon an examination of the natural cooling of the large reading room of the Bernardini(tm) Library in Lecce, Italy. The library is contained in an old building which is currently under restoration. Both indoor and outdoor temperatures as well as relative humidity were monitored, so that the most appropriate system to cool the library's large reading room in summer could be selected. The external walls were endoscopically investigated. Air is supplied by a displacement ventilation system and a system of buried pipes has been designed.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of mechanically driven night ventilation in a small bakery shop by looking at the indoor temperature reduction and energy savings produced by the reduction of the cooling load of air conditioning systems. The results from simulations using a validated model based on the TRNSYS simulation environment demonstrate that night time ventilation can reduce peak daytime temperatures in shops without air conditioning. Where a shop has air conditioning, ventilation at night can reduce the cooling load of the air conditioning system.