The intensity and acceptability of body odour was assessed 29 times on entering an experimental auditorium occupied by 106 women, by 40 female and 39 male judges. The experiment lasted 3 hours 50 minutes and the ventilation rate was varied while the air temperature was maintained at around 20-21 deg C. CO2 was measured throughout. It was found that there were no substantial differences in the ventilation rates required in rooms occupied by men and women. In order to satisfy 80% of people entering a space, a steady-state ventilation rate of about 8 L/sec person is necessary.

Cat and dog allergens in settled dust and airborne cat allergen were studied in day-care centres, with links explored between pet ownership among children and staff, ventilation and cleaning. The special centres were allergen-avoidance day care units. Control was performed by 22 conventional day care centres. Allergen levels were measured using ELISA and personal air samplers, and air change rate per hour was noted. A questionnaire was distributed for the other data. No cats or dogs were kept by children at the allergen avoidance centres in contrast to the control.

The study evaluated the strength of tobacco smoke odour by sense of smell. Similar tests were done for other irritants in tobacco smoke. Concludes that an outside air supply of 35 to 40 cfm per smoker is required to remove objectionable odours of fresh cigarette smoke. Also concludes that there in no way to ascertain whether the ventilation requirements for controlling smoke, odour and irritation effects are adequate to protect a non-smoker from possible effects of nicotine and other poisonous elements of smoke of unknown toxicological thresholds.

Human exposure to nitrogen dioxide can have adverse health effects. Policymakers need accurate information on the number of people exposed, the severity and patterns of exposure and the health-related effects of the exposure, in order to assess health risks and bring in appropriate control strategies. Data from central monitoring sites have been used in the past to establish air pollution exposures. Attempts to provide a realistic estimate of nitrogen dioxide exposures.

A study was done to obtain a general understanding of the mechanisms involved in the emissions from building materials in ventilated rooms. The investigation was based on fundamental fluid dynamics and mass transfer theory. Also proposed a generally applicable method for the prediction of surface emissions. No particulate emissions were analysed, and the work focused on the emission of vapours and gases. Numerical calculations by CFD and full-scale laboratory experiments were used.

States that emission rate of organic compounds from building materials varies according to the type of material, material loading, compound emitted, temperature, humidity, and ventilation rate. For most materials, the relationship between emission rate and these variables is not available. Describes research with the use of small test chambers aimed at developing data on emission rates from several building materials.

A study was made of the time dependence of the emission of organic compounds from a polyamide floor covering with styrene-butadiene-rubber backing in three climate chambers at 23 deg. C and 45% relative humidity. Volatile compounds such as toluene reach a maximum concentration of the gas phase in one hour, decreasing to less than 2% in 60 hours, while less volatile compounds decrease slowly over several months. Observed concentration do not depend on the chamber size, the wall material and air velocity provided the chamber is well mixed and a defined chamber loading is maintained.

States that failures in electronic equipment can be caused by volatile organic compounds. Detailed observations from a three year study of VOCs at a telephone switching office in Neenah, Wisconsin, USA are presented and data are included on matched indoor and outdoor VOC measurements, and corresponding data on HVAC fan operation and ventilation rates. The small number of occupants in the office enabled the study to assess factors influencing VOC levels without complications of human behaviour.

The study aimed to evaluate the emission of volatile organic compounds from air filters. In the first part of the project, carbonyl compounds were measured by reacting them with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. HPLC and UV detection were used for the analysis. Laboratory experiments used pieces of used and unused HVAC filters, incubated in test chambers. The used filters used in the experiments were from a filter bank of a large HVAC system in the middle of Berlin, Germany.

Presents the method and example results for the determination of organic air emissions from a common indoor material. Sample materials were ventilated at controlled air change rates, temperature and relative humidity using a well instrumented and characterized stainless steel test chamber. Tenax filled glass cartridges were used to analyse the chamber outlet air stream, which are than thermally desorbed for further concentration onto a Nutech model 8528 purge and trap system and desorption to a packed column gas chromatograph.