Air qulaity measurements along with airflow rate measurements of air conditioning system were conducted in an office building occupied by workers with clerical activities. Contaminamts measured were CO2, SPM (suspended particulate matters) NOx and airborne bacteria. Indoor CO2 and SPM levels were found to be quite high, 1,600 ppm (CO2) and 0.25mg/ m3 (SPM), respectively, at their maximum and exceeded Japanese Standards The cause of the high concentration was found to be air leakage in the outdoor air intake duct. The air leakage rate was estimated applying mass-balance model of CO2.

The Sick Building Syndrome (SBS-syndrome) as defined by a WHO working group is discussed, and the existence of a sub syndrome is postulated, based on observations reported in the literature. This sub syndrome relates mucous membrane irritation - sensory irritation, dryness in nose and eye, which are very frequent symptoms within the Sick Building Syndrome - to the totalconcentration of volatile organic compounds (VOC) of the solvent type. This VOC syndrome may include other until now unidentified symptoms.

Too high a concentration of certain gases (e.g. water vapour, carbon dioxide, tobacco smoke, alcohol, etc.) in public buildings can damage the health. Even low concentrations can cause discomfort and make the room air seem unpleasant. This paper describes this subjective perception of air qulaity. It is shown that installation of an appropriate sensor can make substantial energy savings.

The Energy Division is working toward development of ventilation systems capable of providing acceptable levels of indoor air quality in superinsulated houses. The research was designed to analyze and improve the indoor air quality of a superinsulated retrofit house located in St. Paul, Minnesota. The occupants had encountered 'stuffy air' problems after their house was superinsulated and weatherized to reduce heat loss, and uncontrolled air infiltration. High levels of CO2 build up were revealed indoors, despite the presence of a continuously operating air-to-air heat exchanger.

Ventilation by displacement is described in terms of ventilation efficiency and quantified by means of a two-zone flow and diffusion model. The practical procedure is by means of adequate diffusers firstly, to 'hit' the persons with the ventilation air and secondly, to displace both air and contaminants out of the zone of occupation and avoid recirculation. This procedure has a firmbasis in the research work on ventilation efficiency that is carried out inNorway and Sweden during the last years as well as in current theory practice.

Large, multicelled and naturally ventilated buildings pose many problems for the measurement of overall infiltration rates using tracer gases. In this paper, a simple technique proposed earlier is explored further by reference toa computer model study as well as by field measurements in two in two naturally ventilated office buildings. Results show that using this technique, the overall infiltration rates of large, multicelled and naturally ventilated buildings can be obtained to a good approximation.

The advancement of tracing techniques enabled the problems associated with local and general ventilation in industrial premises to be tackled with accuracy. The purpose of this article is to present, on the one hand, the various measurement techniques of helium tracing used by the CEA and the INRS and, on the other hand, to give some examples of application.

The computer-aided ventilation system design requires the programming of a large number of empirical tables and observations on the use of mathematical expressions which describe numerous ventilation parameters. In order to use computers with efficiency and to reduce programming inessentials, a set of numerical approximations are developed. These expressions are divided intotwo categories: 1) external variables and 2) system variables. The external variables are basically the duct resistance calcultions.

This paper presents a numerical study of instationary three-dimensional flows. Three methods, a semi-implicit one and two explicit ones were compared and tested on typical flow configurations (lid driven cavity, natural convection and mixed convection in a cavity). These methods were then applied to a problem of ventilation in a paint-booth. The semi-implicit method proved to have a higher accuracy. The explicit method of the M.A.C. type turned out to be more advantageous in calculation time.

In order to reconsider the ventilation requirment in office environment and air environmental indices to determine it, field measurements were carried out. The amounts of outdoor air taken into air conditioning system were controlled in three levels and the concentrations of various indoor airpollutants were measured. It was found conclusively that 30 cubic meters per hour per person of intentionally introduced outdoor air was appropriate for ventilation requirement for offices and carbon dioxide was also appropriate as an index.