Researchers involved in studying problems concerning the built-up environment face an objective complexity, of easy instrumental evaluation, and a subjective complexity which is psycho-physiological concerning human beings with different individual reactions to the same exposure conditions.
In this paper, a part of the results of a study realised in Chambéry to develop the use of solar energy in small and medium European cities is presented. This analysis is based on the evaluation of the solar potential of the city, then a balance of saved
Air renovation inside buildings is crucial to have productive workers, since the lack of good indoor conditions affects human activity and promotes diseases (Fisk, 2000). This happens particularly in non-residential buildings where usually there is high occupation and thus big needs for fresh air. To achieve good indoor air quality (IAQ), actual ventilation solutions need a significant amount of energy, which is estimated to be about 10% of the total energy used in Europe (RESHYVENT, 2004).
China has been undergoing fast urbanization during the last three decades. Air tightness designequipped with air-conditioning units are currently popular in commercial rather than residential buildings to meet the policy needs of energy conservation. Meanwhile, indoor chemical contamination mainly derived from excessive interior decorating activities causes broad attentions to indoor heath concerns. This paper reviews the development of building ventilation and energy-conservation as well as indoor-air-quality (IAQ) related standards in China.
This field work was conducted in Wuhan in2007 summer to investigate local residents'thermal adaptation. A total of 367 residentsanswered questionnaires and 69 familiesprovided 348 data sets including residents'demographics information, thermal sensation,corresponding indoor and outdoor climaticcondition, housing characteristic and residents'adaptive behavior. The investigation has shownthat local residents can tolerant more rigorousthermal environments comparing with theranges defined by ASHRAE.
A survey of air conditioner temperaturesettings and clothing insulation was carried outfor university student rooms in June-Octoberduring daytime on weekdays in Osaka, Japan.The results are as follows. 1) Forair-conditioners that were turned on, thetemperature setting was 26-28C in 8 1.1 % ofcases. 2) Almost all respondents wore longtrousers and T-shirts, or that ensemble plus aninner shirt (78.9%). 3) Temperature settingsand thermal sensations differed by building. 4)Effects of soclts on thermal sensation wererecognized.
This study aims to derive design data of thesupply chilled water temperature and water flowrate for the radiant floor cooling system inKorean residential buildings. At first,prEN- 1264 standard and ASHRAE method forthe radiant floor cooling system design werereviewed. Secondly, to verify application of thestandard, moclc-up tests were performed. Theresults show that prEN-1264 method isappropriate in case supply chilled watertemperature is low.
Experimental study was conducted onimproving air-conditioners' energy efficiencyusing hydroponic roof plants. The air-coolingeffect caused by the solar-shading andtranspiration of hydroponic-cultivated sweatpotato was measured. Using the measured data,it is estimated that how much the energyefficiency of an air-conditioner can be improvedif the cooled air is introduced into the outdoorunit of air-conditioners. The measured airtemperatures and cooling loads were used tocalculate the energy consumption of theair-conditioner.
A radiant heating applied to floor, so called'Ondol', is a traditional heating method in Koreaand has been widely used. The form of theOndol has been modified so that it can beapplied to modem residential buildings.However, the Ondol system has limitation inkeeping comfortable indoor-environment,because the Ondol is able to control floortemperature only.
A com~nonp ractice, adopted by several buildingenergy simulation (BES) tools, is the use ofsurface averaged wind pressure coefficients (Cp)instead of local Cp values with high resolutionin space. The aim of this paper is to assess theuncertainty related to the use of surfaceaveraged data, for the case of a cubic buildingwith two openings. The focus is on wind-drivenventilation and infiltration, while buoyancy isnot taken into account.
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