The centralized cooling plant considered equips an important office building in Brussels. This 54 000 mP2P building has a design cooling demand of about 5.7 MW. To meet the cooling loads, the chilling plant can use five counterflow cooling towers, four twin-screw chillers and four tanks with encapsulated ice. The purpose of the commissioning is to check the thermal performance of the primary equipment and to use the simulation tools to give a correct forecast of the cooling capacity available as well as the cooling energy stored in the ice storage tanks.
Thermoeconomics is the combination of thermodynamics using exergy with economics. The objective of thermoeconomics is to minimise a total cost function, which includes capital, maintenance and running costs. This will establish the most cost effective, or optimal, design parameters. This paper shows the application of thermoeconomic analysis to a building services system, consisting of a constant air volume (CAV) air conditioning system. The specific cost of indoor environment cooling is optimised in terms of system variables, such as water and air temperatures and mass flow rates.
Air quality in the surroundings of three cement plants, which are the most representatives for different industrialization levels (one in Belgium, one in Algeria and one in Vietnam), is estimated by gaseous and dust concentration measurements and fall-out dust networks. Heavy metals, especially the ecotoxic elements are determined. The deposition rates are presented as a function of source-distance in order to emphasize the pollution dispersion varying with prevailing winds.
Most domestic refrigerators are supplied with an energy rating label which con-sumers can use to assess the quality of their appliance. This rating can be deter-mined by (a) testing the refrigerator under specified environmental conditions ac-cording to relevant standards and measuring its power consumption, or (b) analys-ing the refrigeration cycle thermodynamically, or (c) measuring the heat transfer through the walls of the refrigerator cabinet and its doors gaskets. While refrig-erator manufacturers use the first technique, most researchers take the second ap-proach.
For the heating of buildings occupied on a discontinuous basis, intermittent heating control devices are used. This article presents one which incorporates advanced automatic control techniques (predictive temperature control and adaptation of the internal model). The results obtained are compared with those achieved using standard control devices. They are validated on the installation used to determine the initial settings and on slightly different installations in order to compare their robustness with respect to the various characteristics of the heating loop and of the building.
The CLIM 2000 software environment [1] was developed by the Electricity Applications in Buildings Branch of the French utility company, Electricité de France. This software which has been in operation since June 1989, allows the behavior of a whole buildi
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