A difficulty when designing natural ventilation in office buildings is the lack of simple designtools.In order to be able to predict natural ventilation air flow rates and indoor air temperatures atthe design stage, a computer model has been developed within the EU-JOULE projectNatvent (TM). The program is an integrated model with a thermal and an air flow modelcoupled together.
Due to the lack of proper sensors for odours, the odour concept, involving the unitsolf and decipol, is of very little practical use with respect to automatic control of VAVsystems. However, the decipol level in a room may be predicted from the concentration ofCO2 and the amount of fresh air supplied. By using the CO2 level as a decisive variable ofthe occupant load within the room, the actual air quality (decipol level) can be predicted.Once the decipol level is known, it is compared to a given set point, thus enabling thecontroller to alter the air flow rate accordingly.
The paper deals with energy consumption and heat recovery in office buildings with natural ventilation. Net energy consumption for ventilation is calculated for 7 European countries. The calculations are done with various air flow rates and occupancy. The calculations shows differences between the seven countries, but the net ventilation heat loss is substantial for all. Norway and Sweden will benefit most from heat recovery. Several heat recovery concepts for natural ventilation are presented.
The multiple spaces equation of ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 makes it possible to bring in a smaller fraction of outdoor air than that dictated by the critical space. This paper develops an analytical proof that increasing the primary airflow rate to t e critical space reduces the outdoor airflow rate required to meet ventilation requirements. For systems employing fan-powered boxes, where more than one box is critical, a systematic procedure for incrementally increasing the primary air is currently required.
This paper traces the evolution of the concept for the Memorial Tunnel Fire Ventilation Test Program conducted in West Virginia during the period 1989-1995. It clearly identifies the objectives set forth for the program by the technical evaluation committee (TEC) representing ASHRAE Technical Committee 5.9
The Central Artery/Tunnel (CA/I) project, currently under way in Boston, Massachusetts, is the largest interstate highway program in the United States. Estimated at $8 billion, the project will generate more than 50 lane-km of new vehicular tunnels and will accommodate more than 300,000 vehicles per day in design year 2010. A direct result of the planning and design efforts on the CA/I is the Memorial Tunnel Fire Ventilation Test Program, recently completed in a full-size facility in West Virginia.
In order to design an environment-conscious house, it is desirable for summer indoor environment, to re-examine thermal conditions warmer than thermal comfort. The role of air movement is important, as it reduces the magnitude of discomfort. This paper discusses the comfort produced by air movement considering two main sensations; coolness and strength of movement, based on results obtained by a series of experiments carried out with five male and five female subjects.
Hokkaido is distinguished from the other island of Japan by having colder winters and cooler summers. The average monthly minimum is about -10 °C and summer daily average maximum around 25°C, so that efficient space heating becomes the dominant aspect But on hot days the temperature may reach 35°C, though for short period of time. There are few houses constructed to prevent overheating ID summer. I have designed and built a house for my family ID Sapporo which has cavity walls of concrete blocks insulated with urethane 100mm thick and deeply recessed, but operable widows.
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