Assesses the quality of retrofit work carried out in 329 Swedish houses, which had received government energy-saving funds. Describes the selection of dwellings, the measurement methods employed (including thermography, pressure testing, tracer gas and heat flow) and the results.< In most houses, insulation work in attics and on external walls had been carried out satisfactorily. However, the houses were still not air tight and exhibited high ventilation figures (for pressure tests 8 air exchanges per hour at 50 Pa and for tracer gas tests 0.6 air exchanges per hour).
Measurements have been made of infiltration rates and air leakage characteristics of the building envelope in 38 dwellings all built within the last 20 years and covering a range of construction types. Conventional tracer gas techniques were used (employing nitrous oxide as the tracer) to determine air infiltration rates. Overall leakage characteristics were measured under pressurization using a fan. Some correlation was found between the overall leakage characteristic and the actual infiltration performance of a dwelling.
Very little quantative information is available for the amount of air infiltraton in New Zealand houses, but recent measurements by the New Zealand Meteorological Service indicate greater rates in windy conditions then in North America.A tracer gas technique was used in determination of air infiltration, and experimental results from typical New Zealand timber framehouses at several sites are presented.
Reviews the development of methods and results achieved. The methods have resulted in a proposal for a Nordic test method for measuring ventilation efficiency (local air change frequency) using tracer gas techniques and measurements carried out for two different ventilation systems.
Reports on research project to study the effects of different methods of heating an office, temperature and draught conditions, ventilation efficiency and heat storage in joint structures. Gives test room digramatically and tracer gas concentration under different conditions, both during summer andwinter.
Describes a variation of the conventional tracer gas measurement technique for measuring air change rates. Gives theoretical analysis of measurement results simulated with a computer for a complex system of six rooms where natural ventilation is measured in one case and fan-arrested ventilation in thesecond. Results from computer simulation are a measure of fresh air ventilation and not of a room's total air change rate. Diagrams illustrate assumed distribution under both conditions.
The primary aim of the project is to describe and document a measurement method suitable for checking whether minimum requirements for ventilation efficiency are fulfilled after a ventilation system has been regulated. The project concentrates on occupied areas with mechanical ventilation such as dwellings,offices and schools. Excludes industrial buildings since special conditions such as ventilation rates, polluting processes and local extraction apply to these. Defines ventilation efficiency, describes equipment and measurement with CO2, N2O, SF6, Kr85.
Describes the use of SF6 tracer gas measurement techniques employed in airtightness and ventilation research at Princeton in terraced housing. Notes use of measurement results for constructing models describing the total adventitious ventilation in a house. Refers also to similar techniques used in research at Berkeley in single family dwellings.
During an extensive programme of sound insulation tests on a house near Manchester Airport the opportunity was taken to measure the field performance of partially open dual glazing. The results show an increase in insulation of up to 3dB(A) when compared with predictions based on laboratory SRIs. Also reports measurements of the ventilation rate in bedrooms with one window partially open and all other doors and windows closed. Measurements were made using nitrous oxide as a tracer gas.
Airflow inside air-conditioned rooms needs to be determined experimentally using test rooms. The test room dimensions vary because a test room must represent a section which is characteristic of the original room dimensions. The flow pattern is made visible; the velocities, and in some cases the gas concentration is measured. The experiments are done under thermal steady-state conditions. Some general results are:
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