Examines the effects of smoking rate, ventilation, surface deposition, and air cleaning on the indoor concentrations of respirable particulate matter and carbon monoxide generated by cigarette smoke. A general mass balance model is presented which has been extended to include the concept of ventilation efficiency. Following a review of the source and removal terms associated with respirable particulates and carbon monoxide, we compare model predictions to various health guidelines.
Examines the most important sources of indoor air pollution in dwellings. These include pollutants introduced with the outside air, pollutants generated by human activity, emissions from building materials, furnishings, cleaning and polishing materials and disinfectants. Notes the importance of keeping formaldehyde and carbon dioxide down to safe levels. Discusses the consequences for the minimum room air change rate.
The U.S. EPA initiated an indoor air monitoring program in 1982, concentrating on commercial or public-access buildings (homes for the elderly, schools, and office buildings). Several buildings from each category are sampled over 2-3 day peri
Describes methods of predicting concentration levels of indoor air pollution in a variety of residences by using residence air infiltration rates, residence volumes, and source terms, and by making assumptions about occupant lifestyle and poll
Results of air quality measurements are presented for a group of low-leakage houses located in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. A total of 46 houses were tested for formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, radon, and humidity levels. The median level of formalde
An estimate of the variation of non smokers' lung cancer risk from passive or involuntary smoking is given as a function of ventilation rate in a typical office, at an occupancy of 7 persons/100m2 as specified under ASHRAE standard 62-1981.
Looks at ventilation requirements for both odour and physical acceptability and pays particular attention to the differences between smoking and non smoking occupancy in an environmental chamber. Results imply that under non smoking conditions and with moderate humidity, between 5 and 10 cfm of fresh air per occupant should satisfy 75% of visitors, but that under smoking conditions, many times as much fresh air is needed for both odour acceptability and compliance with customary criteria values for smoke.
Treats laboratory and field investigations indicating the danger to health of non-smokers of inhaling tobacco smoke (passive smoking),to the extent that measures to protect the passive smoker are recommended at 1.5 ppm of carbon monoxide concentration caused by smoking and deemed necessary from 2 ppm. Calculations show that in a state of equilibrium a fresh air supply of 33 m3 per hour and per cigarette smoked is needed to maintain the upper limit of 2 ppm carbon monoxide concentration caused by tobacco smoke.
Working men's clubs are commercially thriving organisations catering for a wide range of social activities commonly held in a single room holding 300-400 people. Packaged air conditioning is being introduced into Working Men's Clubs to provide air recirculation and cleaning when the buildings are occupied. Air cooling and dehumidification is also available. One club was dissatisfied and an investigation was started to investigate the difference. Measurements showed that the unsatisfactory installation was unusual in two ways.
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